Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy JGC

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

the process of photosynthesis that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of suga

Question 5

Calvin Cycle

Answer 5

the cycle of enzyme-catalyzed dark reactions of photosynthesis that occurs in the chloroplasts of plants and in many bacteria and that involves the fixation of carbon dioxide and the formation of a 6-carbon sugar.

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

represents an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings

Question 8

Mitochondrial Matrix

Answer 8

the mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane

Question 9

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 9

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)

Question 10

Fermentation

Answer 10

the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.

Question 11

NAD+

Answer 11

a coenzyme for redox reactions

Question 12

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 12

a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.

Question 13

Glycolysis

Answer 13

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H). It occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy.

Question 14

NADH

Answer 14

A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen

Question 15

Anaerobic

Answer 15

relating to, involving, or requiring an absence of free oxygen.

Question 16

Cellular Respiration

Answer 16

respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2)

Question 17

Pyruvic Acid

Answer 17

Pyruvate is a three-carbon acid that is naturally formed during glycolysis

Question 17

Krebs Cycle

Answer 17

a sequence of reactions in the living organism in which oxidation of acetic acid or acetyl equivalent provides energy for storage in phosphate bonds

Question 18

Citric Acid

Answer 18

an organic compound with the skeletal formula HOC(CO 2H)(CH 2CO 2H) 2

Question 19

ATP

Answer 19

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.

Question 20

ADP

Answer 20

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a biological molecule consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates.

Question 21

Pigment

Answer 21

any colored material found in a plant or animal cell

Question 22

Granum

Answer 22

one of the stacks of chlorophyll-containing material in plant chloroplasts

Question 23

Stomata

Answer 23

any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width which allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces.

Question 24

Carbon Fixation

Answer 24

the process by which plants and algae convert the carbon found in inorganic molecules in the atmosphere into organic matter to produce biological building blocks and fuel for cellular respiration.

Question 25

Heterotrophs

Answer 25

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 26

Thylakoids

Answer 26

pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell

Question 27

Carotenoids

Answer 27

a class of more than 750 naturally occurring pigments synthesized by plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria