Unit 1 Learning Check NFIP Flashcards
What are the three most common types of flooding
riverine, coastal, shallow
which type of flooding has accounted for the most flood-related deaths in recent histroy
flash flooding
what is meander
it is a curve or turn in a river channel
what is the major cause of coastal flooding
storm surge
what causes a tsunami
underwater earthquakes or volcano
list 5 types of special flood hazards
closed basin lakes, uncertain flow paths, dam breaks, ice jams, mudflows
what two problems result from floodplain development
alters floodplain and dynamics of flooding
buildings and infrastructure are damaged by periodic flooding
what does watershed development do to flooding
the increase in impervious surface results in increased runoff and higher flood levels
what is one of the problems with constructing seawalls to protect buildings from flooding or erosion
it can accelerate the erosion on properties at the end of the wall
5 main causes of flood damage
hydrodynamic force
debris impact
hydrostatic force
soaking
sediment and contaminants
standing water as little as __ feet deep can collapse the walls of a frame house
3
what are some of the safety and health hazards that accompany floods
disruption of public utilities
electrocution
contamination of water supplies
fire
animal carcasses, garbage, ponds which are breeding for mosquitoes and germs
mold, mildew in damp flooded areas
contaminated air from dirty heating ducts
stress and mental health problems
prior to the 1960 what was the primary way to reduce flood losses
structural flood control projects
what is the unified national program for floodplain management definition of floodplain management
a decision making process that aims to achieve the wise use of the nations floodplains
what are two primary goals of floodplain management
reduce loss of life, disruption, and damage caused by floods
preserve and restore natural resources and functions of floodplains
what areas are conducive to flash flooding
hilly areas with steep slopes and narrow valleys
urban areas with large amounts of impervious surfaces and storm sewers
areas downstream of dams or subject to ice jams
is erosion only a threat in coastal areas
no. riverine erosion can move stream channels and undercut structures
what is ponding
where stormwater runoff collects in depressions and cannot drain out
are plants and animals the only beneficiaries of the natural and beneficial functions of floodplains
no. people benefit through food, recreation, and scientific knowledge.
floodplains recharge groundwater supplies and filtering improves water quality
what does filling in a floodplain do
filling reduces the floodplains ability to store excess water, sending more water downstream and causing floods to rise to higher levels
does moving sand and sand dunes affect flooding
yes. it may remove a natural barrier that protects inland properties
hydrodynamic forces are caused by ___ water and hydrostatic forces are caused by ___ water
moving
standing
list 3 materials or household items that are particularly susceptible to flood damage by soaking
wood
gypsum wallboard
furniture and upholstery
carpeting
mattresses
books
electrical appliances
gasoline engines
what are examples of non structural flood protection measures
regulations to prohibit development in high hazard areas
building codes requiring flood resistant construction for new buildings in floodprone areas
acquisition and relocation of buildings in high hazard areas
modifying or retrofitting existing buildings
installing flood warning system
controlling stormwater runoff
providing self help advice to property owners
what are the unified national program for floodplain managements four main floodplain management strategies
modify human susceptibility to flood damage
modify impacts of floodings
modify flooding itself
preserve and restore natural resources
