Unit 1 - KA7 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is the role of ATP in the transfer of energy?
ATP is used to transfer energy to cellular processes which require energy.
What is Glycolysis?
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm
What is ATP required for in Glycolysis?
the phosphorylation of glusose and intermediates during the energy investment phase of glycolysis.
Phosphorylation
The attatchment of a phosphate to ADP
what does the phosphorolation of glucose lead to?
leads to the generation of more ATP in the energy pay off stage, resulting in a net gain of ATP
what happend to the Pyruvate in anerobic conditions?
broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A
what is the net gain of ATP in the energy payoff stage?
2ATP
Name the substance that combines with an acetyl group to form citrate
during the citric acid cycle.
oxaloacetate
Describe the role of dehydrogenase enzymes in the citric acid cycle
remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to the coenzyme NAD to form NADH.
State the exact location of the citric acid cycle in a cell
the matrix of a mitochondrion
State where the hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH are passed on to?
the electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
what is citrate gradually converted back into and how?
oxaloacetate through a series of enzyme-controlled reaction.
what are the products that are released from the citric acid cycle?
ATP , Co2
what releases the electrons to the electron transport chain
NADH
what happens as the electrons move across the electron transport chain
they release energy
what does the energy released used for?
it allows hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
what does the ‘flow’ of these ion back through the membrane induce?
drives the enzymes ATP synthase which produces ATP
what is the final acceptor of hydrogen ions and electrons.
oxygen- as it combines with the hydrogen ions to form water.
