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gov > unit 1 - intro and federalism > Flashcards

unit 1 - intro and federalism Flashcards

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1
Q

state of nature

A

the hypothetical conditions of what the lives of people might be like before government

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2
Q

natural rights

A

rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on government

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3
Q

consent of the governed

A

popular sovereignty
government derives its authority by sanction of the people

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4
Q

limited government

A

certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect natural rights of citizens

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5
Q

declaration of independence

A

philosophical rationale for indepdendence
list of grievances and abuses by the british king

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6
Q

john locke

A

english philosopher known as the father of liberalism
natural rights
consent of governed
limited government

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7
Q

articles of confederation

A

first national constitution of the united states; it was adopted in 1777 and ratified in 1781
it established a confederation, a “league of friendship and prepared union” among 13 states and former colonies

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8
Q

weaknesses of the articles of confederation

A
  • one vote for each state, regardless of size
  • congress powerless to lay and collect taxes or duties
  • congress can’t regulate foreign and interstate commerce
  • no executive to enforce acts of congress
  • no rational court system
  • amendment only with consent of all states
  • a 9/13 majority required to pass laws
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9
Q

james madison

A

wrote the us constitution
wrote federalist papers

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10
Q

fed 51

A

checks and balances and separation of powers among three branches of government

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11
Q

shays rebellion

A

series of attacks on courthouses by farmers
first large problem under articles that revealed its incompetency
helped birth of constitution

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12
Q

constitutional convention

A

took place in pennsylvania to draft the constitution

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13
Q

compromises in philadelphia conference

A

equality and representation of the states ( NJ plan = equal Virginia = population great comp = bicameral legislature)
slavery ( three fifths compromise)
voting (left to states to decide

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14
Q

brutus 1

A

thought the federal government was given too much power
a large republic is dangerous and undermines the states

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15
Q

federalist papers

A

85 articles written by alexander hamilton, john jay, and james madison to defend the constitution

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16
Q

fed 10

A

factions are dangerous and a large republic helps to control them since more representatives means more opinions are heard
factions will compete with one another and do a checks and balances

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17
Q

participatory democracy

A

emphasizes broad participation in politics and civil society
most or all citizens participate in politics directly

18
Q

pluralist democracy

A

-organized groups compete with each other to influence policy
- power is widely dispersed between groups
- individual interests are represented through responsive group leadershi[

19
Q

elite democracy

A
  • small number of people who are well-educated and wealthy influence decision making
  • governing is limited to small group
20
Q

antifederalists

A

small farmers, shopkeepers, laborers
strong state government
weak national government
direct election of officials
shorter terms
rule by the common mass
strengthened protection for individual liberties
brutus 1 participatory

21
Q

federalists

A

large landowners, wealthy merchants
weaker state governments
indirect election of officials
longer terms
government by the elite
expected few violations of individual liberties
Fed 10 pluralist democracy

22
Q

federalism

A

way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the land and people
unitary, confederal, and federal systems

23
Q

unitary confederal and federal systems

A

unitary = all power resides in central government
confederal = spreads power among subunits ( weak central govt)
federal = divides power between central govt and subunits

24
Q

why is federalism important

A

decentralizes our politics so more people can participate

decentralizes our policies so policy making is shared between levels and can be made separately
local action for local concerns and national action for wider concerns

25
Q

enumerated powers

A

constitution grants the national government specific powers

26
Q

reserved powers

A

those not given to national government are given to the states
10th amendment

27
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers that belong to both the national and state governments

28
Q

implied powers

A

congress has the power to make laws that are necessary and proper for carrying into execution the existing laws

29
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

elastic clause
allows congress to act on implied powers

30
Q

supremacy clause

A

asserts the authority of national government over the states

31
Q

mcCulloch v. Maryland

A

McCulloch worked for the federal bank in Maryland and refused to pay the tax that Maryland tried to put on the bank and said that the state could not tax the federal government
The supreme court upheld that maryland could not tax branches of the federal government

32
Q

commerce clause

A

congress has the power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce

33
Q

gibbons v. ogden

A

commerce clause
Ogden had a license from the state of new york to navigate between nyc and new jersey shoes
gibbons had been given permission to use the same waterways by the federal government
gibbons was denied acces to the hudson bay by new york
supreme court ruled in favor of gibbons that new york couldn’t grant exclusive rights to navigate waterways

34
Q

heart of atlanta motel v. us

A

commerce clause and civil rights
discrimination affects interstate commerce since hotel is next to interstates and received most of its business from that so congress ruled against it in this case
the heart of atlanta motel refused to accept black americans

35
Q

united states v. lopez

A

lopez was arrested for bringing a gun to his high school and was charged under the gun-free school zones act
lopez argued that the law exceeded congress’s power under the commerce clause
supreme court agreed and struck down the law

36
Q

two types of federalism

A

dual federalism
cooperative federalism

37
Q

dual federalism

A

both the states and national government remain supreme within their own spheres

38
Q

cooperative federalism

A

powers and policies are shared between states and national government

39
Q

categorical grants

A

made for specific defined purposes
usually require states to match it

40
Q

block grants

A

consolidate several categorical grants into a single block for broad activities

41
Q

devolution

A

a transfer of responsibility from federal to state governments

42
Q

mandate

A

official orders to carry something out

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