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interest groups and elections Flashcards

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1
Q

what protects interest group activity

A

the first amendment
to petition the government for a redress of grievances

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2
Q

interest group poals

A

gain access to policymakers
influence public policy
support sympathetic policymakers

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3
Q

policy making cycle

A

people
linkage institutions
policy agenda
policy making institutions
back to people

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4
Q

policy making cycle - people

A

express interests, problems, concerns
political issues

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5
Q

policy making cycle- linkage insitutions

A

political channels where people’s concerns become political issues

political parties
elections
media
interest groups

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6
Q

policy making cycle - policy agenda

A

policy agenda
items at the top of the policy agenda are taken care of first

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7
Q

policy making cycle - policy making institutions

A

branches of govt charged with taking action on political issues

legislative executive courts

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8
Q

difference of interest groups from political parties

A

interest groups don’t run their own slate of candidates for office (only support) and are policy specialists (one area)
political parties push a candidate and are policy generalists (broad spectrum of policies)

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9
Q

interest group strategies

A

litigation
electioneering
lobbying
appealing to the public

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10
Q

lobbying

A

communication by someone other than a citizen acting on their own behalf, directed to a governmental decision maker to influence their decision
lobbyists are a source of information for political candidates and member

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11
Q

revolving door

A

movement of individuals from government positions to jobs with interest groups or lobbying firms and vice versa

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12
Q

olson’s law

A

small groups are easier to organize than large groups
large groups have a free rider problem

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13
Q

selective benefits

A

solution for free rider problem
offer benefits to interest group members to boost moral and membership

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14
Q

electioneering

A

helping candidates financially and getting group members out to support them
PACS

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15
Q

PACS

A

political arms of interest groups
entitled to raise voluntary funds to contribute to favored candidates or parties
support incumbents

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16
Q

incumbents

A

individual currently holding office

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17
Q

litigation

A

interest groups file amicus curiae briefs to influence a court’s decisions
suing the courts

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18
Q

amicus curiae

A

briefs submitted to raise additional points of view and present info not contained in briefs of formal parties in order to sway a decision
interest groups

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19
Q

hyperpluralist critique

A

groups have become too powerful as govt tries to appease every interest
intereeest group liberalism is aggravated by numerous iron triangles

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20
Q

iron triangles

A

alliance formed by congress bureacrats and interest groups to make public policy
congress receives campaign contributions, interest groups get favorable legislation and bureaucracies preserve their jobs and status

21
Q

insider strategy

A

lobbyists work closely with key members of congress and meet privately to exchange info for favors

22
Q

outsider strategy

A

changing public opinion via media

23
Q

running for presidency - nomination

A

official endorsement of a candidate for office by a political party

requires momentum, money, and media attention

24
Q

competing for delegates

A

nomination games in primaries is an elimination game
goal is to win a majority of delegates’ support at national party convention

25
Q

caucus

A

meetings of all state party members for selecting delegates to the national convention

26
Q

new hampshire

A

first primary
all about image
front loading - capitalizing on media attention

27
Q

closed primaries

A

only people who registered with the party can vote for that party’s candidates

28
Q

open primaries

A

voters decide on election day
must choose democrat or republican candidates

29
Q

blanket primaries

A

voters are presented with a list of all candidates

30
Q

mcgovern fraser commission

A

led to selection of delegates through primary elections

31
Q

criticisms of american marathon campaign

A

prominent politicians dont run
requires money
too much power to media

32
Q

referendum

A

state only
direct vote in which electorate will accept or reject a proposal

33
Q

recall

A

state only
removing a state or local official before the end of his or her term

34
Q

initiative petition

A

a means by which a petition signed by a minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote
proposition

35
Q

guidelines for elections created by the constitution

A

house of reps re-elected every 2 years
senate every 6 years
creates the electoral college
direct vote of senators (17th amendment)

36
Q

guidelines for elections by law

A

congress sets date for natural elections

37
Q

electoral college

A

elects the president
states choose the electors
winner-take all system
gives bigger emphasis to more populated states

38
Q

winner take all method

A

candidate who wins the most votes in the state wins all of the state’s electors

39
Q

proportional vote method

A

legislative seats are given to parties in proportion to the # of votes they receive

40
Q

federal election campaign act 1974

A

created the FEC that administers campaign finance laws for federal elections
sets limit for contributions to $1000 for individuals and 5000 for PACS

41
Q

buckley v. valeo

A

federal election campaign act was challenged in the amount individuals could contribute to their own campaign
supreme court rules that this violated the right to free speech under the first amendment

42
Q

soft money

A

political contributions earmarked for party building expenses or for generic party advertising are allowed
cant donate to a particular candidate

43
Q

bipartisan campaign reform act

A

banned soft money
increased individual contributionf from 1000 to 2000 now 2900 barred interest groups from running issue ads

44
Q

citizens united v. fec

A

citizens united released a film about a candidate
spending money is free speech as declared in buckley v. valeo
corporations and unions can explicitly advocate for/against candidates in advertisements but can’t contribute directly to a federal candidate or party committee
created super pac

45
Q

super pac

A

independent expenditure groups

46
Q

rational - choice voting

A

voting based on what is perceived to be in the citizen’s individual interst

47
Q

retrospective voting

A

voting based on a candidate’s past actions
look at the performance of a party to decide on vote

48
Q

prospective voting

A

voting based on predictions of how a party or candidate will perform in the future

49
Q

party-line voting

A

supporting a party by voting for candidates from one political party for all public offices across the ballot

gov (6 decks)

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