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gov interest groups and elections Flashcards

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1
Q

interest group goals

A
  1. gain access to policymakers
  2. influence public policy
  3. support sympathetic policymakers
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2
Q

policy

A

a government plan of action to address issues that involve the people

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3
Q

what do policies start with

A

the people who express their interest, problems/concerns, political issues

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4
Q

linkage institutions

A

the political channels through which people’s concerns become political issues on the policy agenda

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5
Q

linkage institutions examples

A

political parties
elections
news and entertainment media
interest groups

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6
Q

policy agenda

A

items at the top of the policy agenda are taken care of firsti

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7
Q

policy making institutions

A

the branches of government charged with taking action on political issues
legislative, executive, courts

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8
Q

how are interest groups and political parties different

A

political parties fight election battles; interest groups do not run their own slate of candidates for office but just support candidates

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9
Q

policy specialists and policy generalists

A

interest groups are policy specialists and they focus on one area but political parties are policy generalists and are broad spectrum of policies

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10
Q

interest group strategies

A
  1. lobbying
  2. electioneering
  3. litigation
  4. appealing to the public
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11
Q

lobbying

A

communication by someone acting on behalf of citizens, directed to a governmental decision-maker with the hope of influencing their decision

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12
Q

2 types of lobbyists

A

regular, paid employees
temporary hires

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13
Q

revolving door

A

the movement of individuals from government positions to jobs with interest groups or lobbying firms

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14
Q

lobbyists

A
  • are a source of information
  • help politicians plan political strategies for legislation
  • help plan political strategies for reelection campaigns
    are a source of ideas and innovations
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15
Q

olson’s law

A

-small groups are easier to organize than large groups
-large groups tens to have a free rider problem

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16
Q

how to resolve free rider issue

A
  • offer selective benefits
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17
Q

electioneering

A

helping candidates financially and getting group members to support them
PACS

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18
Q

PACS

A

political arms of interest groups
legally entitled to raise voluntary funds to contribute to favored candidates of parties
support incumbents

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19
Q

litigation

A

using courts to bring up issues; amaicus curiae briefs; raise additional points of view and present info not contained in briefs of formal parties
- class action lawsuits ; brought by a class of people against a defendant

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19
Q

litigation

A

using courts to bring up issues; amaicus curiae briefs; raise additional points of view and present info not contained in briefs of formal parties
- class action lawsuits ; brought by a class of people against a defendant

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20
Q

hyperpluralist critique

A
  • groups become too powerful as the gov tries to appease every interest
    interest group liberalism is aggravated by iron triangles
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21
Q

iron triangles

A

alliance formed by congress, bureaucrats and interest groups to make public policy
all parties benefit; congress receives campaign contributions, interest groups get favorable legislation, bureaucracies preserve job and status.

22
Q

nomination

A

official endorsement of a candidate for office by a political party

23
Q

nomination game

A

elimination contest (primaries)
goal is to win a majority of delegates’ support at the national party convention
convention meets to nominate presidential and vice presidential
they write a party platform

24
Q

iowa caucus

A

-first test of candidates’ vote -media circus
- meeting of all state party members for selecting delegates to national convention

25
Q

new hampshire

A

first primary
-about image

26
Q

frontloading

A

when 71% of pledges democratic delegates are chosen within six weeks of first primary

27
Q

types of primaries

A

closed
open
blanket

28
Q

closed primaries

A

only people who registered with the party can vote for that party’s candidates

29
Q

open primaries

A

voters decide on election day a democrat or republican but must choose one or the other

30
Q

blanket primaries

A

voters are presented with a list of candidates from all parties; most anti-party of them all

31
Q

criticism of american marathon campaign

A

-disproportionate attention to early primaries
- prominent politicians don’t run
momentum means money
-participation in primaries is low
-too much power to media

32
Q

three american elections

A

select party nominees
select officeholders
select options

33
Q

state only election things

A

referendum
recall
initiative petition

34
Q

referendum

A

a direct vote in which electorate will accept or reject a proposal

35
Q

recall

A

removing a state or local official before the end of their term

36
Q

initiative petition

A

means by which a petition signed by a minimum number of registered voters can force a public vote

37
Q

guidelines for elections by the constitution

A
  • house of reps = every 2 years
    -senate = every 6 years
    -creates electoral college
38
Q

guidelines for elections by law

A

-congress sets date for national elections tuesday after the first monday in november

39
Q

electoral college

A
  • elects the president
    states choose electors
    -winner take all system
40
Q

winner take all method

A

candidate gets all votes if majority vote in state is won by them

41
Q

proportional vote method

A

legislative seats given to parties proportionate to number of votes

42
Q

campaign finance laws goal

A

limit role money plays in politics
track where money goes

43
Q

federal election campaign act

A

administers campaign finance laws for federal elections
sets limit for contributions to $1000 per individual and $5000 for PACs
requires disclosure of contributions and spending

44
Q

buckley v valeo

A

federal election campaign act challenged to amount individual could contribute to their own campaign
- SC ruled it violated right to free speech

45
Q

soft money

A

political contributions earmarked for party-building expenses or for generic party advertising are allowed no contribution limit
- party just can’t donate money to campaign of specific candidate

46
Q

bipartisan campaign reform act(mccain)

A
  • banned soft money
    increased individual contribution to $2000 with adjustments to inflation (today $2900)
    barred interest groups from running issue ads 60 days of gen election
47
Q

citizens united v fec

A

-spending money is protected free speech
- corporations and unions can explicitly advocate for/against candidates in advertisement
- can’t contribute directly to a federal candidate orr party committee
created super pacs

48
Q

retrospective voting

A

voting based on candidates past actions

49
Q

prospective voting

A

voting based on predictions of how a party of candidate will perform

50
Q

rational choice voting

A

voting based on what is perceived to be in the citizwen’s individual interest

51
Q

party-line votin

A

supporting a party by voting for candidates from one political party for all public offices

52
Q

impact of campaigns

A
  • reinforcement, activation, and conversion

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