Unit 1- history and term Flashcards
What is the main difference between counselling and psychotherapy?
Context- the process determines what the professional is doing
What are the main factors that differentiate therapy from counselling?
- theoretical approach
- licensing demands/requirements
- employer demands
- history of the client
What is the largest division amongst psychologists?
therapy vs cllg issue
Why is it important to understand the inconsistencies between the terms?
Reduces confusion:
- amongst students and subsequent research
- cllr trainees
- customers/clients re exactly what is offered
What is guidance?
- general term for advice re what to do, how to do it, deal with problems
- focused on solving a problem
What is counselling?
- set of ways a helper helps someone
- includes specifying the activity and structure of interaction
- developmentally and holistically oriented
- focused on problem-solving
What is psychotherapy?
- term based on legacy
- more applicable to treatments
- problems defined by therapist
- more likely medical model
- for deep maladaptive behaviours
- focused more on problem-solving
What are the main similarities between the approaches?
- communication process where professionals help clients with choices
- common goal of client finishing with more self/situational knowledge
- common assumptions re helping
- client makes ultimate decision, has responsibility
- same microskills
- involve relationship
What are the main differences between the approaches?
- guidance has expert giving advice
- guidance is situationally focused
- cllg skillset oriented to making decisions, not specific issues
- cllg and psycho focus on ability and beyond
- cllg more short -term
- psychotherapy more long-term
- relative to professional
- therapy used by psychologists and psychiatrists (medical)
- DSM users treatment and therapy
Which practice helps identify and choose values over making changes?
Guidance
What are the most common presenting issues?
- developmental issues
- overcoming specific problems
- coping better with crisis situation
- improving relationships w others
- overcoming feelings of inner conflict
What are the core values of cllg?
1- client’s strengths and own ability to make personal changes
2- holistic and client centered focus
3- sensitivity to diversity and multiculturalism
What is social work?
- helps individuals, families, groups and communities enhance individual and collective well being
- helps people dev skills and solve problems
- social justice and advocacy
- relationship as basis for intervention and respect of client choice
What were the two movements that came to Canada from the US and sparked cllg?
- mental health movement (Clifford Beers)
- vocational guidance movement (Frank Parsons)
What was Parson’s theory for choosing vocation?
- knowledge of work
- knowledge of self
- matching the two through true reasoning
How did WW1 change things for the cllg profession?
It became recognized via testing and placement, giving vocational guidance scientific legitimacy
Who came up with the first cllg theory and what was it?
EG Williamson
- Minnesota point of view/ Trait-factor cllg
What were the core assumptions of Williamson’s approach?
- cllr-centred, identifies problem and prescribes therapy
- cllr mentoring and teaching skills
- traits integrated to form constellations of characteristic (factors)
- empirical model to help stop unproductive thinking and behaviour
When was the ROgers Revolutiona dn what was it about?
In the 1940s
- challenged the dominant approach and emphasized client responsibility
- non-directive approach
- helper as non-judgmental and accepting
What was one of the biggest impacts of the Rogers Revolution?
Importance of relationship
What were the 4 dominant theories pre-1950s?
- behaviourism (skinner)
- trait-factor (williamson)
- psychoanalytic (Freud)
- humanistic (Rogers)
What occurred in the 50s and 60s?
- growing number of competing theories
- increase in complexity
- growth in popularity of humanistic theory
- group movement
What are the most pressing topics in the counselling world for the future?
- Violence, crisis and trauma
- Promoting wellness
- social justice
- technology
- leadership
- identity
