Unit 1 (History and Approaches) Flashcards

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1
Q

ABCs of Psycology

A

Affect
Behavior
Cognition

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2
Q

Goals of Psychology

A

Observe and describe
Understand and explain
Predict
Influence and control

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3
Q

Aristotle

A

Knowledge through observation

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4
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Developed the idea of interactive dualism: The view that mind and body are separate entities, but interact and influence each other

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5
Q

John Locke

A

Developed the idea of Empiricism: view that experiences and observations are the sources of ideas and memories

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6
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Developed the idea of evolution: Adaptation can be mental or physical

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7
Q

Gustav Fechner

A

Studied psychophysics: Relationship between physical properties to psychological experience

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8
Q

Herman von Helmholtz

A

Developed theory on color perception

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9
Q

Structuralism (William Wundt)

A

How is the mind structured

  • Introspection and experimentation on sensation and perception
  • Break mental experiences into their smallest components parts (sensations, perceptions, feelings)
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10
Q

Functionalism (William James)

A

How does the mind function to allow us to adapt to our environment

  • Introspection
  • Experimentation (introduced animal research)
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11
Q

Behaviorism (John Watson and B.F. Skinner)

A

What do people\animals do
How does experience shape our behavior

  • Observation of behavior
  • Experiments on learning
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12
Q

Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud)

A

How do instincts and unconscious mind influence feeling, actions, thoughts

  • Psychoanalysis: analysis of thoughts, free associations, dreams, and Freudian slips
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13
Q

Humanistic (Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow)

A

How do people pursue goals that give their lives a sense of meaning and purpose

  • Psychotherapy to aid self-actualization
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14
Q

Gestalt (Max Wertheimer)

A

What’s the big picture
How does the brain organise our perceptions, so that we perceive organised patterns or wholes

  • Emphasized “the whole is more than the sum of its parts”
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15
Q

Basic Research

A

Conduct research to increase the field’s base knowledge

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16
Q

Applied Psycology

A

Use knowledge to solve problems

17
Q

Behavioral

A

How do we learn behaviors?

18
Q

Biological

A

How does the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences?
How do our genes and our environment influence individual differences?

19
Q

Cognitive

A

How do we encode, process, store, and retrieve info?

20
Q

Evolutionary

A

How has the natural selection of traits promoted survival of genes?

21
Q

Humanistic

A

How can we achieve personal growth and self-fulfillment?

22
Q

Psychodynamic

A

How does behavior spring from unconscious drives and conflicts?