Unit 1- French Revolution and its effects

Question 1

Estates-general meeting

Answer 1

a meeting between representatives for all three estates. However, they were always biased because the 1st/2nd estate would always be able to outvote the 3rd, despite them having more people. Was held for the first time in 175 yrs to approve a new tax by Louis XIV

Question 2

National Assembly

Answer 2

The third assembly banded together to give the third estate more say in gov. stuff and to reform it.

Question 3

first estate

Answer 3

Made up of clergy. 1% of population

Question 4

second estate

Answer 4

Made up of nobles. 2% of population

Question 5

third estate

Answer 5

Regular people; took up most of the population, were the poorest, and still paid the most taxes.

Question 6

storming of bastille

Answer 6

the bastille was a prison many of the third estate had been trapped in previously. It was a symbol of fear and during the beginning of the FR, peasants stormed it and got away with guns and the lives of many guards. It was a turning point in the rev. as it was the first violent show of resistance from the revolutionaries.

Question 7

the great panic

Answer 7

when rebellion spread from Paris to the country, and rumors said that the nobles were hiring people to terrorize peasants. Food was low, fear was high, so the atmosphere was very tense and violent.

Question 8

the declaration of rights of man and citizen

Answer 8

Created by Marquis de Lafayette (during the moderate phase), and approved by the national assembly. Outlined the natural rights everyone had (ex. liberty, fraternity, equality)

Question 9

congress of vienna

Answer 9

a series of meetings in vienna between european powers to try and restore the old powers after the napoleonic wars. They were led by Klemens von Metternich & this is sometimes known as the Age of Metternich/Age of Reaction. The overall goal was peace for Europe.

Question 10

Napoleon

Answer 10

Leader of France/dictator after the directory, put in place a lot of good laws such as Napoleonic code and tried to take over Europe, but failed. Was banished at the end but made a lot of changes and caused the congress of Vienna.

Question 11

John Locke

Answer 11

Philosopher: natural rights (life, liberty, property)

Question 12

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 12

Philosopher: separation of powers (judicial, executive, legislative)

Question 13

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 13

Philosopher: human freedom and equality for all

Question 14

Effects of the congress of vienna

Answer 14

Many of the legitimate rulers who had lost the throne got it back; France was weakened, and surrounded by strong powers. Prussia/Britain’s power increased. Democracy was seen as the best way to ensure equality. There were lots of revolts against these changes, and nationalism increased in germany/italy/greece. The HOLY ALLIANCE was created (Russia, Austria, Prussia)

Question 15

Louis XIV

Answer 15

last absolute king of France

Question 16

Louis XVI

Answer 16

last king of France, was not very good at his job and was eventually beheaded during the radical part of the revolution.

Question 17

The reign of terror

Answer 17

a very radical time during the revolution, Robespierre was leading, thousands of executions happened, and was overall very violent

Question 18

Maximilien Robespierre

Answer 18

important leader during the reign of terror, oversaw the beheading of the royals and helped radicalize the revolution. Ran the committee of public safety until he was beheaded himself.

Question 19

klemens von metternich

Answer 19

played a large part in the CONGRESS OF VIENNA. wanted to prevent future aggression from France, balance out power between countries and restore old rulers. also created the concert of Europe, which was a web of alliances to prevent revolutions.

Question 20

battle of waterloo

Answer 20

the battle that was a turning point for napoleon; he knew he couldn’t take over the rest of Europe

Question 21

committee of public safety

Answer 21

a governmental system during the French revolution; led to the reign of terror

Question 22

tennis court oath

Answer 22

when the third estate found themselves locked out of the estates-general meeting, they broke into a nearby tennis court and pledged to stay there until a new constitution was written, which it was.

Question 23

bourgeoisie

Answer 23

the middle class who were educated but still part of the third estate.

Question 24

directory

Answer 24

a committee of rulers after Robespierre, but they were weak and allowed napoleon to take over easily.

Question 25

Jacobin club

Answer 25

a radical organization of revolutionaries; where Robespierre came from

Question 26

scorched earth policy

Answer 26

Russians would burn crops or murder livestock when the enemy came through so they would have nothing to eat.

Question 27

coup d’état

Answer 27

a sudden change in political power of a nation

Question 28

continential system

Answer 28

Napoleon tried to prevent trade between Britain and the mainland using blockades to ruin their economy

Question 29

peninsular war

Answer 29

a war that drove napoleon out of Spain (he was against Spanish rebels and the British)