IMPERSOFFALISM Flashcards
Imperialism definition
the practice of a country extending its influence over another through military and/or diplomatic force
Old imperialism
mainly focused on finding new trade routes; also called the age of exploration. Wanted to spread christianity, find riches and have adventures (god gold glory)
examples of old imperialism
columbian exchange and atlantic slave trade
New imperialism
conquest was the focus, and used economical and technological means to make regions economically dependent as suppliers of raw materials and consumers on their mother countries. 84% of the world was colonized.
similarities
Both were
- guided by a feeling of superiority
- exploited land labor and capital
- guided by civilizing or Christianity missions
- used new technology
- had the spirit of capitalism
social darwinism
“survival of the fittest” which meant that the best would survive while the worst would die out; only people interpreted this as white people being the best and other races being inferior (Thus creating the white man’s burden)
White man’s burden
When white people said that it was their job to go to non-white nations and “save” them or “civilize/educate” them.
Mercantilism
When a mother country forces a colony to only trade with the mother country, making the colony dependent on the mother country and the mother country becomes much richer AND controls the economy.
Boers / Boer war
Dutch white people who eventually saw themselves as africans in their own little colony. The British got into a war with them because they both felt entitled to the gold in south africa. THe british win, even after the Zulu tribe makes an attempt. However, the Boers end up ruling anyways since the british ruled in a detached way.
King Leopold and the Belgian Congo
Basically owned his own colony (Congo), and he was brutal to the citizens while using their labor to provide for him. Photographs and mass media made people aware of this abuse and he had to stop.
Opium War
Demonstrated superiority of the British over china; was caused by China refusing to buy Opium from the british because the country was becoming full of addicts (the british got goods in return) but the British didn’t like that, and thus the war happened. This caused the Treaty of Nanjing
Treaty of Nanjing
Established many things that helped the british economically:
- 5 ports would be open to british ships in china
- extraterritorial rights given to western powers
- fewer trade taxes for british
- British get Hong Kong
- China legalizes the opium trade.
Empress Dowager Cixi
Ruled during the late 1800s right after the Taiping Rebellion. Helped the British, most likely because she didn’t want the repercussions of going against them.
Taiping Rebellion
Peasant’s revolt; led by Hong Xiuquan and other peasants who were unhappy w/ the westerners influence on China. Taxes were raised on them, gov services lower and 20 million were killed during this.
Boxer Rebellion
A rebellion that started in the mountains of China, which was against western influence on china. They eventually became an underground society that hated anyone who was with the westerners, and blamed them for unemployment rates.
Ethnocentrism
Thinking one’s culture or race is superior to others.
Japan and trade
Japan had originally been very isolated, but once they started to be part of the western world they traded a bunch since they had very natural resources of their own (besides sea related). They also started colonizing themselves.
Meiji Restoration
The Japanese studied how western civilizations operated and adapted to them because they saw that they would be colonized if they didn’t. They felt the same effects that the europeans had felt before from their IR, such as more people living in cities and much more trade
Berlin Conference
Where european leaders meet to divide africa (Not a single african ruler invited.) THey put no thought into tribes or ethnic groups though, so they were often split between countries which caused an odd relationship between certain countries and groups.
Shaka
Leader of the Zulu during the Boer war
Sepoy/Sepoy Mutiny
A conflict between the Indian soldiers and the British ones; the grease and all that and this caused the british to officially take over india as a colony. THis also set off a want for Indian Independence
British East India Company
The company that took over india for the british, basically acted as a government, and engaged in a lot of mercantilism there.
Qing/Manchus Dynasty
Dynasty that ruled china before the west appeared, and was under a lot of pressure from the west
Open Door Policy/Spheres of Influence
Open Door Policy meant that China allowed merchants from other nations to trade with it, meaning that it could not be colonized. China was split into spheres of influence, where different countries were allowed to trade in different places.
Tokugawa Shogunate
a shogunate which lasted just about until the west came in, and really wanted isolation from there. They put the Act of Seclusion forward, which meant that if someone left japan they would not be allowed to come back, and trade was forbidden from inside other than CHina and Korea.
Treaty of Kanagawa
The treaty that the US made Japan sign earlier on in order to get trade there.
Commodore Perry
The dude who forced the Japanese to sign the Treaty of Kamagawa
Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese War
