Unit 1 (Foundations)

Question 1

John Locke

Answer 1

Second Treatise on Civil Government
Natural Rights

Question 2

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 2

Leviathan
Social Contract

Question 3

Charles de Montesquieu

Answer 3

Spirit of the Laws
Separation of Powers

Question 4

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 4

Social Contract
Consent of the Governed

Question 5

Republicanism

Answer 5

Liberty, participatory Democracy, and consent of the governed

Question 6

Popular sovereignty

Answer 6

authority of government is created and sustained by the people

Question 7

Federalism

Answer 7

power to the states and the central government

Question 8

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 8

created methods in which states could enter the union

Question 9

Shays’ Rebellion

Answer 9

led by formed continental army captain Daniel Shays to protest foreclosure of farms in the western part of the state → exposed weaknesses of the AOC need for a stronger central government

Question 10

Constitutional Convention

Answer 10

the weaknesses in the AOC called for a convention in Philadelphia, where James Madison persuaded others that a rewrite was necessary → the Constitution

Question 11

The Virginia Plan

Answer 11

Supported by larger states –> bicameral legislature based on population

Question 12

The New Jersey Plan

Answer 12

Supported by smaller states –> Unicameral legislature where each state has one vote

Question 13

The Great Compromise

Answer 13

Compromise between New Jersey and Virginia Plan – > bicameral legislature, House represents states on population, Senate where all states have equal representation

Question 14

Federalists

Answer 14

Supported a strong government and federalism

Members: Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay

Question 15

Anti-Federalists

Answer 15

Focused on the lack of bill of rights

Question 16

Delegated/enumerated powers

Answer 16

granted only to the national government

Question 17

Reserved Powers

Answer 17

granted only to the states

Question 18

Habeas Corpus

Answer 18

protection against illegal imprisonment

Question 19

Ex Post Facto

Answer 19

refers to when someone is accused of a crime that was legal when committed

Question 20

Categorical Grants

Answer 20

aid with strict rules (strings) on how it can be spent

Question 21

Block grants

Answer 21

Permits states to use the money however they see fit

Question 22

Executive Order

Answer 22

issued by the President and has the full force of law, but can be overturned by a Supreme Court decision or new legislation.

Question 23

Judicial Review

Answer 23

the ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution

Question 24

Executive Agreement

Answer 24

an agreement between the United States and a foreign government that is less formal than a treaty and is not subject to the constitutional requirement for ratification by two-thirds of the U.S. Senate. Congress can only pass legislation to invalidate it.

Question 25

Pardons

Answer 25

excused from legal action or consequence of a crime

Question 26

Reprieves

Answer 26

postpone the execution of a sentence imposed by the law)

Question 27

Gubernatorial Veto

Answer 27

a veto performed by the governor, can be overridden by a 2/3rds vote in legislature

Question 28

Line-Item Veto

Answer 28

rejection of only part of a bill or specifics (found to be unconstitutional)