Unit 1 (Foundations) Flashcards
John Locke
Second Treatise on Civil Government
Natural Rights
Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan
Social Contract
Charles de Montesquieu
Spirit of the Laws
Separation of Powers
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Social Contract
Consent of the Governed
Republicanism
Liberty, participatory Democracy, and consent of the governed
Popular sovereignty
authority of government is created and sustained by the people
Federalism
power to the states and the central government
Northwest Ordinance
created methods in which states could enter the union
Shays’ Rebellion
led by formed continental army captain Daniel Shays to protest foreclosure of farms in the western part of the state → exposed weaknesses of the AOC need for a stronger central government
Constitutional Convention
the weaknesses in the AOC called for a convention in Philadelphia, where James Madison persuaded others that a rewrite was necessary → the Constitution
The Virginia Plan
Supported by larger states –> bicameral legislature based on population
The New Jersey Plan
Supported by smaller states –> Unicameral legislature where each state has one vote
The Great Compromise
Compromise between New Jersey and Virginia Plan – > bicameral legislature, House represents states on population, Senate where all states have equal representation
Federalists
Supported a strong government and federalism
Members: Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
Anti-Federalists
Focused on the lack of bill of rights
Delegated/enumerated powers
granted only to the national government
Reserved Powers
granted only to the states
Habeas Corpus
protection against illegal imprisonment
Ex Post Facto
refers to when someone is accused of a crime that was legal when committed
Categorical Grants
aid with strict rules (strings) on how it can be spent
Block grants
Permits states to use the money however they see fit
Executive Order
issued by the President and has the full force of law, but can be overturned by a Supreme Court decision or new legislation.
Judicial Review
the ability of the Court to declare a Legislative or Executive act in violation of the Constitution
Executive Agreement
an agreement between the United States and a foreign government that is less formal than a treaty and is not subject to the constitutional requirement for ratification by two-thirds of the U.S. Senate. Congress can only pass legislation to invalidate it.
Pardons
excused from legal action or consequence of a crime
Reprieves
postpone the execution of a sentence imposed by the law)
Gubernatorial Veto
a veto performed by the governor, can be overridden by a 2/3rds vote in legislature
Line-Item Veto
rejection of only part of a bill or specifics (found to be unconstitutional)
