Parts 3/4/5 (Civil Liberties/Ideologies)

Question 1

Shield Laws

Answer 1

States laws that vary giving reporters protection against being forced to disclose confidential information in state court

Question 2

Three-Part Obscenity Test

Answer 2

standard for publication to see if the content is arousing/unwholesome in nature with no artistic, scientific, literary or political value

Question 3

Lemon Test

Answer 3

used to decide whether a law violates the establishment clause

Question 4

Exclusionary Rule

Answer 4

prevents evidence collected against the law of the constitution to be used in trial

Question 5

Objective Good Faith

Answer 5

exception to the Exclusionary Rule where evidence gathered illegally can be used if the officer who gathered it believed they were acting within the rights of the law
Inevitable Discovery Rule: illegally found evidence that would eventually be found is permitted

Question 6

Exigent Circumstances

Answer 6

police may conduct an immediate search if they have reason to believe evidence will have appeared or that someone will be injured by the time they receive a search warrant

Question 7

Eminent Domain

Answer 7

gives the government the right to seize private property but only compensation is just

Question 8

Benchmark Polls

Answer 8

conducted when a candidate first announces running to see their chances of winning

Question 9

Tracking polls

Answer 9

performed multiple times with an identical sample to track opinion over time

Question 10

referendum

Answer 10

submits to a popular vote to determine whether legislation is passed or rejected

Question 11

Realignment

Answer 11

when coalitions fall apart often due to economic instability

Question 12

Critical election

Answer 12

when a new party dominates politics sand new issues erupt

Question 13

Dealignment

Answer 13

voting for a candidate regardless of your party due to dissatisfaction with the party

Question 14

Doctrinal Parties

Answer 14

parties who come together to represent an ideology considered to extreme by mainstream parties, rejecting the policies of the political system

Question 15

Influence Peddling

Answer 15

use of personal friendships and inside information to get a political advantage

Question 16

PACS

Answer 16

(political action committees): tax-exempt organization that pools campaign contribution from members and donates those funds to campaigns for or against candidates, a way of side-stepping the federal law stating that corporations, unions, and trade associations cannot make contributions (hard money)

Question 17

Super PACS

Answer 17

PACS that do not donate or coordinate to/with specific candidates are not limited in their fundraising like regulars PACS and use soft money

Question 18

Soft Money

Answer 18

unregulated, unlimited contributions to political parties for general party-building activities

Question 19

Hard money

Answer 19

limited and tightly regulated contributions to candidates

Question 20

Incumbent Advantage
(2 things to remember)

Answer 20

Politicians who run for reelection win roughly 90% of the time
Senators and House incumbents have a high advantage, but House incumbents have a larger one.

Question 21

Primary Election

Answer 21

each party has its own primary election (choosing its candidates)

Question 22

Open Primary

Answer 22

voters may only vote in one party’s primary, but can vote for whichever party they want

Question 23

Close Primary

Answer 23

meaning voters may only vote for candidates running for the nomination of their declared party

Question 24

Blanket Primary

Answer 24

voters may vote for whoever they want

Question 25

Plurality

Answer 25

greatest number of votes but no more than half the total votes (compared to a majority)

Question 26

Run-off Primary

Answer 26

held between candidates in a primary when tied for vote

Question 27

Superdelegates

Answer 27

delegates who are seated automatically at a national convention

Question 28

Split-Ticket Voting

Answer 28

voting for a presidential candidate of one party and legislators of the other

Question 29

Keynesian Economics

Answer 29

the government can smooth business cycles by influencing the amount of income individuals and business can spend on things

Question 30

Fiscal Policy

Answer 30

refers to the government action of either lowering or raising taxes to result in more or less consumer spending or enacting government programs

Question 31

Monetary Policy

Answer 31

process by which the government controls the supply of money in circulation and the supply of credit through the actions of the FED.

Question 32

Medicare

Answer 32

provides government assistance to people older than 65 for health care

Question 33

Social Security

Answer 33

provides economic assistance to persons with unemployment, disability, or old age.

Question 33

Medicaid

Answer 33

provides medical and health related services for low income parents, children, seniors, and people with disabilities.