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Health and Human Development Unit 1/2 > Unit 1 exam Revision > Flashcards

Unit 1 exam Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Emotional health and wellbeing

A

Relates to the ability to recognise, understand, effectively manage and express emotions as well as the ability to display resilience

Aspects:
- recognise range of emotions
- experience appropriate emotions in a scenario
- respond to, express and manage emotions
- ability to display resilience

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2
Q

Mental health and wellbeing

A

Relates to the current state of wellbeing relating to a person’s mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. A mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic.

Aspects:
- levels of stress and anxiety
- self esteem
- levels of confidence
- thought patterns

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3
Q

Social health and wellbeing

A

Relates to the ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others and the ability to manage or adapt appropriately to different social situations.

Aspects:
- communication with others
- supporting and well-functioning family
- productive relationships with others
- supportive network of friends

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4
Q

Physical health and wellbeing

A

Relates to the functioning of the body and its systems, it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks.

Aspects:
- body weight
- illness, disease and injury
- energy levels
- ability to complete physical tasks adequately
- fitness levels
- immune system
- body systems and organs

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5
Q

Spiritual health and wellbeing

A

Relates to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the mind and conscience of human beings. It includes the concepts of hope, peace, a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on your place in the world.

Aspects:
- sense of belonging
- meaning and purpose in life
- peace and harmony
- acting according to values and beliefs

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6
Q

Sociocultural factors

A

The social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These factors can raise or lower health status

  • family
  • peer group
  • employment
  • education
  • housing
  • income
  • access to health information
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7
Q

Political factors

A

the decisions and actions taken by government and non-government agencies on issues, including those relating to healthcare, health policies and health funding

  • food policies/laws
  • health promotion
  • food labelling
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8
Q

Health and wellbeing

A

The state of a person’s physical, social,
emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.

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9
Q

Socioeconomic status (SES)

A

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a measure of a person’s social and economic position based on income, education and occupation.

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10
Q

Health status

A

An individual’s or population’s overall health and wellbeing taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.

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11
Q

Health indicators

A

Standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status

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12
Q

Self-assessed health status

A

A measure based on a person’s own opinion about how they feel about their health and wellbeing, their state of mind and their life in general

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13
Q

Life expectancy

A

The number of years on average remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change.

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14
Q

Mortality

A

The number of deaths in a population in a given time period

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15
Q

Morbidity

A

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group. This is often expressed. through incidence and prevalence

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16
Q

Incidence

A

The number or rate of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period of time.

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17
Q

Prevalence

A

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.

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18
Q

Burden of disease

A

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.

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19
Q

DALY

A
  • disability-adjusted life year.
  • a measure of the burden of disease
  • one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to illness and/or death.
  • calculated - YLL + YLD
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20
Q

YLL - years of life lost

A

A measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death.

21
Q

YLD - years of life lost due to disability

A

A measure of how many healthy years are lost due to illness, injury or disability.

22
Q

Hospital separations

A

Hospital separations are episodes of hospital care that start with admission and ends at transfer, discharge, or death.

23
Q

Core activity limitation

A

Core activity limitation is when an individual has difficulty or requires assistance with any of the three core activities.
- Self-care
- Mobility
- Communication in own language

24
Q

Psychological distress

A

Psychological distress relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that affect an individual’s level of functioning.

25
Describing the AGHE
- the bottom left hand section has fats and oils and states: 'used in small amounts' - outside the pie chart there is a glass of water and a tap to encourage the consumption of water - grains and vegetables take up the 2 highest percentages of the chart
26
Advantages and disadvantages of the AGHE
Advantages: - includes water - fruit and vegetables are separate - is visual and includes pictures so that it can be easily understood Disadvantages: - doesn't give serving sizes - may be difficult to categorise mixed foods
27
Describing the HEP
- includes herbs and spices to the side to substitute sugar and salt - the top layer has an oil bottle and olive branch with the words 'healthy fats' - outside the pyramid is a glass of water with a tick and the words 'choose water'
28
Advantages and disadvantages of the HEP
Advantages: - promotes herbs and spices to use for flavour - suitable for all to read including children and people with limited food knowledge - refers to salt and sugar with pictures and a cross to advise not to use in excess Disadvantages: - no serving sizes - doesn't include sometimes foods - doesn't categorise foods that may belong to different groups
29
Nutrients
substances that provide nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and for growth
30
Kilojoules (kJ)
a unit for measuring energy intake or expenditure
31
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
Macronutrients: nutrients we need large amounts of in out diet (carbs, fats, protein) Micronutrients: needed in very small amounts (vitamins, minerals)
32
Carbohydrates
Function: - provide fuel for body - required for metabolism & growth Food Source - vegetables, rice, cereals Nutritional imbalance: - stored as adipose tissue - weight gain - ^ can develop sleep apnoea
33
Fibre
Function: - absorbs water, bulky faeces, no constipation - reduces cholesterol Food source - grains, seeds, wholemeal bread Nutritional imbalance: - underconsumption - risk of uncontrolled cell growth, tumours, colorectal cancer
34
Iron
Function: - forms the 'haem' in haemoglobin - ^ carries oxygen through the blood Food source - tofu, chicken, eggs Nutritional imbalance: - underconsumption - anaemia
35
Sodium
Function: - regulation of fluids in body (water, blood) - fluid drawn to sodium - balances fluid in cells vs out of cells Food sources - table salt, olives, fish Nutritional imbalance: - overconsumption - hypertension -> CVD
36
Calcium
Function: - required for building bone density - required for building hard tissue (teeth, cartilage) Food source - dairy products Nutritional imbalance: - underconsumption - osteoporosis
37
Water
Function: - needed for all chemical reactions to provide energy - key component of many cells, tissues, blood and systems Food sources - watermelon, apple, cucumber Nutritional imbalance: - dehydration - impacts all body systems
38
Saturated and Trans fats
Function: - fuel for energy Food source - red meat, full-cream milk, margarine Nutritional imbalance: - overconsumption - increased cholesterol, hypertension -> CVD
39
Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated fats
Function: - reduces cholesterol levels required for development and maintenance of cell membranes Food source - nuts, olive oil, fish Nutritional imbalance: - overconsumption - CDV
40
Protein
Function: - builds, maintains and repairs body cells - fuel for energy Food sources - eggs, chicken, fish Nutritional imbalance: - overconsumption - stored as adipose tissue, weight gain, sleep apnoea
41
B - group vitamins (B1, B2, B3)
Function: - metabolism - converting fuels to energy Food source - vegemite, eggs, fish Nutritional imbalance: - underconsumption - lack of energy, slowed muscle and bone growth
42
Folate (vitamin B9)
Functions: - role in DNS synthesis - required for cells to duplicate - role in development of red blood cells Food source - spinach, oranges, eggs Nutritional imbalance: - underconsumption - anaemia
43
Vitamin B12
Function: - formation of red blood cells - ensures blood cells are correct size and shape for oxygen Food source - meat, eggs, cheese Nutritional imbalance: - underconsumption - anaemia
44
Vitamin D
Function: - absorbs calcium from intestine into bloodstream - cell growth and development Food source - fish, cheese, egg yolk Nutritional imbalance: - underconsumption - low calcium absorbed - weak bones
45
Anxiety
uneasy emotions that may be brought on by an actual or perceived threat to the safety and wellbeing of the individual
46
Depression
extreme feeling of hopelessness, sadness, isolation, worry, withdrawal, and worthlessness that lasts for a prolonged period and interfere with normal activities
47
Direct costs of mental illness
costs associated with preventing the disease or condition and providing health and wellbeing services to people suffering from it. Direct costs include all those associated with developing and implementing health promotion strategies, diagnosis, management and treatment.
48
Indirect costs
costs not directly related to the diagnosis or treatment of the disease, but that occur as a result of the person having the disease
49
Intangible costs
costs which it's difficult to place a monetary value. they often involve emotions or feeling for both the individual and community

Health and Human Development Unit 1/2 (7 decks)

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