Unit 1 Exam Flashcards
Limited Inspiration Theory
God inspired thoughts, but not the words they chose. He guided them but gave them freedom to express His thoughts their own way.
Neo-Orthodox Theory
The Bible is a witness to the word of God or contains the word of God. Born in the early 20th century in response to liberalism’s disregard for divine authority.
Dictation Theory
God simply dictated the Bible to human scribes. God chose certain individuals and gave them the exact words He wanted. Writers only wrote what God dictated to them.
Verbal Plenary Inspiration Theory
God supernaturally directed the writers of Scripture. Without waving their human intelligence, literary styles, or personal feelings, God’s complete message was recorded with perfect accuracy, the very words of the original scripture bearing the authority of divine authorship.
Who was building and financing the Temple during Jesus’ life?
Herod the Great
Who were the largest and most influencial Jewish Sect in NT times?
Pharisees
Religious conservatives, ran the synagogues, interpreted scripture from the Torah, believed in the afterlife, angels, and resurrection.
Pharisees
Religious liberals, priests who ran the Temple, did not believe in the afterlife, angels, or the resurrection, accepted only some of the Torah.
Sadducees
Jesus’ opposition, copyists of the Torah, made their own rules from their interpretation of the Torah.
Scribes
Jewish supreme court of Pharisees and Sadducees, enforced OT law, no capital punishment (asked Romans to punish).
Sanhedrin
Practiced SEVERE self discipline (Ascetics), lived in the wilderness, mystical, believed in the fundamentals of the Torah (resurrection, afterlife, angels, etc), lead the Exodus to Jerusalem in 70 AD
Essenes
A political group of terrorists/assassins aimed to throw off Roman rule
Zealots
followers of Herod the Great, worked with the Pharisees to get Jesus killed
Herodians
Ordered the massacre of the Innocents (babies 2 yrs and younger), began the rebuilding of Zerubbabel’s temple
Herod the Great
son of Herod the Great, divorced wife to marry Herodias, beheaded John the Baptist, ruled during Jesus’ ministry and adulthood
Herod Antipas
grandson of Herod the Great, son of Herod Antipas, ruled after Jesus death, persecuted the church, killed James, died suddenly from divine judgement
Herod Agrippa 1
great grandson of Herod the Great, rejects the Gospel after Paul shares it with him
Herod Agrippa 2
What are the 4 elements of the Fullness of Time?
Greek culture, Greek language, Roman road system, and the Pax Romana
What does Galatians 4:4 say about the fullness of time?
God had planned, from Eternity Past, the precise time to implement His eternal plan of salvation. His timing is purposeful and predestined.
How did the Greek language being universal affect the spread of the gospel after Jesus’ death?
After Jesus’ death, the disciples were called to spread the gospel. If Greek was universal, the disciples could easily speak and understand many people in order to share the story of Jesus.
How did the Roman Road system affect the spread of the gospel after Jesus death?
The roman roads allowed for safer, faster, and commonly used travel. Missionaries were now able to travel more easily and go farther.
How did the Pax Romano affect the spread of the gospel after Jesus’ death?
The Pax Romano made it easier for missionaries to spread the gospel throughout Rome and be at less risk of dying.
What are the 7 annual festivals on the jewish religious calendar?
Passover (Unleavened Bread), Pentecost (Weeks), Trumpets (Rosh Hashanah), Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), Tabernacles (Booths), Lights (Dedication or Hanukkah), and Purim
Whats another name for Passover?
Unleavened Bread
Why was Passover/Unleavened Bread celebrated?
It marks the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt and the beginning of the grain harvest.
What is another name for Pentecost?
Weeks
Why is pentecost/weeks celebrated?
It is the completion of the grain harvest and commemoration of the giving of the Law.
What is another name for Trumpets?
Rosh Hashanah
Why is Trumpets/Rosh Hashanah celebrated?
It is the beginning of the Jewish civil year.
What is another name for the Day of Atonement?
Yom Kippur
Why was the Day of Atonement/Yom KIppur celebrated?
It is the time for national repentance, fasting, and atonement.
What is another name for Tabernacles?
Booths
Why is Tabernacles/Booths celebrated?
To commemorate the wilderness wandering and completion of the grape harvest. Big feast
What is another name for Lights?
Dedication or Hanukkah
Why is Hanukkah, Lights, Dedication celebrated?
It marks the rededication of the Temple by Judas Maccabeus.
Why is Purim celebrated?
It notes the deliverance of Israel in the time of Esther.
What are the chief occupations of the NT?
farming, shepherding, fishing, wine production
What are the common diseases and conditions of the NT?
Leprosy, blindness, paralysis, demon possession, crippling injuries
What are the economic conditions of the NT?
There are few wealth, a small middle class, and many many poor.
What was home life like in the NT?
Homes were small, large families, boys prefered, oldest son is key position, one large room and porch/patio on the roof
What was marriage like in the NT?
Usually arranged, girls age 12, boys 13, major social event, life expectancy of men is 40-45
What were funerals like in the NT?
bodies were buried (statement of faith), held quickly, mourners hired
What were Jewish Worship Institutions like in the NT?
Herod’s Temple (same place as Solomon and Zerubbabel’s) on Mount Moriah (where Abraham was gonna kill Isaac), rebuilt to win favor of the Jews
What was significant of Herod’s Temple?
took 85 years, was during Jesus’ life, site of animal sacrifices, center of religious festivals
What were synagogues like in the NT?
means “gathering place”, usually a small building for teaching law, worship, and social gatherings, located where at least 10 adult Jewish males resided, supervised by elders, Laymen were named rulers of the synagogue
What happened in the Babylonian Period?
Jews DEPORTED in 3 waves, Solomon’s temple burned and partially destroyed, synagogues were developed
What were the empires of the Interbiblical period? (434 BC- 4 BC)
Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Ptolemy, Seleucid. Maccabean, and Roman
Who reigned for the Persian Empire?
Cyrus the Great (friendly to the Jews) and Nehemiah was his cupbearer
What happened during the Persian Period?
Zerubbabel’s temple was built, Jews RETURN in 3 waves, development of Scribe class who made copies of the OT
Who led the Babylonian Period?
Nebuchadnezzar >:(
Who were the leaders of the Greek Period?
Phillip of Macedon and his son Alexander the Great
Who lead the Ptolemy Period and what important translation came from this period?
Ptolemy II (friend of Jews) and the Septuagint LXX, which was the Greek translation of the Hebrew OT.
Another name for Seleucid?
Syrian
Who reigned in the Seleucid Period and what did he do?
Antiochus IV (aka Epiphanes) who forbade Jews to practice Judaism and desecrated Zerubbabel’s temple.
Who did the Jews nickname Epimanes meaning Stupid one?
Epiphanes (Antiochus IV)
Who lead the Maccabean Period and got the name meaning (the hammer)?
Judas Maccabee who succeeded his father Mattathias the priest
What did Judas Maccabee do fot the Jews?
He gained freedom for Israel.
Who succeeded Judas Maccabee and gained complete political independence for Israel?
Simon
When did Pharisees, Sadducees, and Jewish religious parties develop?
During the Maccabean Period.
Who were the 6 different leaders in the Roman Period?
Julius Caesar, Octavian (Augustus Caesar), Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, and Domitian
JOTCND
What did Octavian (Caesar Augustus) do while emperor?
Defeated Antony and Cleopatra, sent out the decree that made Mary and Joseph move from Nazareth to Bethlehem when she was pregnant. He also payed for the rebuilding of the temple during Jesus’ lifetime. Established the Pax Romana.
What was special about TIberius Caesar?
He reigned during Jesus ministry, death, and resurrection
What did Caligula Caesar (Baby Boots) encourage?
emperor worship as a god
What did Nero Caesar do?
Persecuted Christians, blamed fire on Jews, emperor during Peter and Paul’s martyrdom, reigned during time of ACTS.
What did Domitian Caesar do?
hightened persecution and was the emperor duing when Revelation was written. Refered to as the beast in Revelation.
When was the New Testament written?
Between 45 and 100 AD.
What were the 3 writing materials?
Papyrus, Parchment, and Paper
What was parchment?
original material used for the NT writings. From an inexpensive aquatic plant
What was parchment?
leather, skin of sheep, goat, or calf, which was more durable than papyrus, but more expensive and less available
What was paper?
from China, used for later manuscripts (mss) hundreds of years later.
What two languages are used in the NT?
Greek (universal) and Aramaic (for Jews and Jesus’ language)
What 3 languages did Jesus know?
Aramaic, Greek, and Hebrew
What are apocryphal books?
Text of unknown authenticity or authorship, but provided political and historical background of the NT
What are the Sub-apostolic writings?
texts not claimed to be written by an Apostle or associate of Jesus
What are the 3 tests of canon?
Authorship, Doctrine (Jesus 100 man 100 God), and Universal Acceptance
What council agreed upon the canon we now know?
the Council of Carthage in 397 AD
What are the 4 genres of the NT books?
Gospels, History, Letters, and Prophecy
How many of the 21 Letters of the NT were written by Paul?
13 and maybe Hebrews
Is the NT chronological?
No
Why does Jesus refer to scripture saying “it is written” when he is being tempted by Satan?
He is meaning the scripture cannot be changed or moved
What two passages describe how the word was inspired by God?
2 Timothy 3:16-17 and 2 Peter 1:20-21
What four things does Jesus say about the Bible’s inspiration?
- it is written 2. no jot or tittle shall pass from the law until it is fulfilled, 3. that his words shall not pass away, 4. Moses words are Gods words
What are the 3 sources of information for the Interbiblical period?
- Josephus 2. The Apocrypha, and 3. Archaeology 4. Secular History
How many men comprised the Sanhedrin?
71
