unit 1: eukaryotic cell organelles

Question 1

what is the structure of the plasma membrane?

Answer 1

a phospholipid bilayer with embeded proteins

Question 2

what is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 2

regulate the transport of materials in and out of the cell

Question 3

what is the structure of cytoplasm?

Answer 3

thick, gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid

Question 4

what is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 4

maintains the shape of the cell and stores the chemicals needed for metabolic reactions

Question 5

what is the structure of the nucleus?

Answer 5

largest organelles surounded by the nuclear envelope and holds the chromatin

Question 6

what is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 6

controls cellular activity and houses chromatin

Question 7

what is chromatin?

Answer 7

chromatin is DNA associated with histone proteins

Question 8

what is the structure of nucleolus?

Answer 8

dense sphericle structures in the middle of the nucleus

Question 9

what is the function of nucleolus?

Answer 9

synthesise RNA and ribosomes

Question 10

what is the structure of thr rough endoplamic reticulum (RER)

Answer 10

network of bound membane flattened sacs called cisterae studded with ribosomes

Question 10

what is the function of the RER?

Answer 10

site of protein synthesis which are then transported to the golgi apparatus

Question 11

what is the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Answer 11

network of bound membane flattened sacs called cisterae that is not studded with ribosomes

Question 12

what is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 12

modifies newly made proteins from the SER and packs them into vesicles to be transported. lysosomes are produced here

Question 12

what is the function of the SER?

Answer 12

the site of lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and storage

Question 13

what is the structure of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 13

a stack of membrane bound flattened sacs

Question 14

what is the structure of vesicles?

Answer 14

small spherical membrane bound sacs

Question 15

what is the function of vesicles?

Answer 15

transport materials into cells and and release transport vesicle proteins to be released from the cell to the cell surface membrane

Question 16

what is the structure of lysosomes?

Answer 16

small spherical membrane bound sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes

Question 17

what is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 17

break down waste products including old organelles

Question 18

what is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 18

the site of the final stage of aerobic respiration

Question 18

what is the function of 80s ribosomes?

Answer 18

the site of protein synthesis

Question 19

what is the structure of 80s ribosomes?

Answer 19

tiny organelles attached to the RER or free floating in the cell. contain 2 subunits and are not surrounded by membrane

Question 20

what is the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 20

have 2 membranes; the inner is highly folded to increase SA and form cristae. the central part is called the matrix

Question 21

what is the structure of centrosomes?

Answer 21

made from 2 small microtubules called centrioles and a complex of protein fibres

Question 22

what is the function of centrosomes?

Answer 22

form spindle fibres during cell division

Question 23

define division of labour and give an examle.

Answer 23

processes in the cell are carries out by individual organelles within the working cell together. E.G. making proteins