unit 1: eukaryotic cell organelles Flashcards
what is the structure of the plasma membrane?
a phospholipid bilayer with embeded proteins
what is the function of the plasma membrane?
regulate the transport of materials in and out of the cell
what is the structure of cytoplasm?
thick, gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid
what is the function of the cytoplasm?
maintains the shape of the cell and stores the chemicals needed for metabolic reactions
what is the structure of the nucleus?
largest organelles surounded by the nuclear envelope and holds the chromatin
what is the function of the nucleus?
controls cellular activity and houses chromatin
what is chromatin?
chromatin is DNA associated with histone proteins
what is the structure of nucleolus?
dense sphericle structures in the middle of the nucleus
what is the function of nucleolus?
synthesise RNA and ribosomes
what is the structure of thr rough endoplamic reticulum (RER)
network of bound membane flattened sacs called cisterae studded with ribosomes
what is the function of the RER?
site of protein synthesis which are then transported to the golgi apparatus
what is the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
network of bound membane flattened sacs called cisterae that is not studded with ribosomes
what is the function of the golgi apparatus?
modifies newly made proteins from the SER and packs them into vesicles to be transported. lysosomes are produced here
what is the function of the SER?
the site of lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and storage
what is the structure of Golgi apparatus?
a stack of membrane bound flattened sacs
what is the structure of vesicles?
small spherical membrane bound sacs
what is the function of vesicles?
transport materials into cells and and release transport vesicle proteins to be released from the cell to the cell surface membrane
what is the structure of lysosomes?
small spherical membrane bound sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes
what is the function of lysosomes?
break down waste products including old organelles
what is the function of mitochondria?
the site of the final stage of aerobic respiration
what is the function of 80s ribosomes?
the site of protein synthesis
what is the structure of 80s ribosomes?
tiny organelles attached to the RER or free floating in the cell. contain 2 subunits and are not surrounded by membrane
what is the structure of mitochondria?
have 2 membranes; the inner is highly folded to increase SA and form cristae. the central part is called the matrix
what is the structure of centrosomes?
made from 2 small microtubules called centrioles and a complex of protein fibres
what is the function of centrosomes?
form spindle fibres during cell division
define division of labour and give an examle.
processes in the cell are carries out by individual organelles within the working cell together. E.G. making proteins
