Mitosis Flashcards
What is a totipotent stem cell?
A stem cell that can differentiate into any type of stem celIs
What is a pluripotent stem cell?
A stem cell that can differentiate into many types of stem cells
What is a multipotent stem cell?
Astem cell that can differentiate into a limited number of stemcells
What is a unipotent stem cell?
A stem cell that can only differentiate into one type of stem cell
What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated cells found in the human body
What are stem cells?
Undifferentiated cells found in the human body
What does the greater cell potency equal?
The greater variety of specialised cells that can be produced.
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Diploid-somatic cells / 2 copies of every chromosomes that exist in homologous Paris
Haploid -gametes/ I copy of every chromosome there are no homologous pairs
Which stages of the cell cycle occurs during interphase?
Growth 1 (G1) / S phase / Growth 2 (G2)
What is between each phase? What is it?
Between each phase is a checkpoint this is where cell activity takes placeto determine whether the cell can move to the next phase, it checks for mutations
Give 3 characteristics of homologous pairs.
Same size and shape
Same gene
Same locus (location)
When are the chromosome pairs replicated?
Replicated during the synthesis phase, producing sister chromatids held together by centromeres
Define non homologous chromosome
Non homologus chromosomes do not synapse at meiosis
Where does mitosis occur and why?
Mitosis occurs insomantic cells for growth, repair and replacement of cells like red blood cells and skin cells
What does mitosis involve?
Mitosis involves nuclear division followed by cytokinesis.
PMAT
Describe prophase.
The chromatin condenses
The nuclear membrane starts to break down
The centrioles start to form spindle fibres
Describe metaphase.
The chromosomes line up at the equator
Each chromatid is attached at the centromere to a spindle fibre
Describe anaphase.
The spindle fibres contract, causing the centomeres to divide
The chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cells
Describe telophase.
The separated chromosome uncoil
The nuclear membrane reforms
Describe cytokinesis-
Microtubules (an akin loop) forms a “draw string” just inside the membrane which then fuses as it is pinched in
