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ADV BIO HONORS > Unit 1 - Ecology > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Ecology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

abiotic

A

non-living

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2
Q

autotroph

A

makes own food

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3
Q

Benthic zone

A

bottom; sediment

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4
Q

Biomagnification

A

increase toxin concentration

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5
Q

biotic

A

living

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6
Q

biotic potential

A

organisms potential for increase in #; depend on gestation length, # of offspring, reproductive age span, # of reproductive offspring

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7
Q

carbon cycle

A

backbone of organic molecule; photosynthesis/cellular respiration, decomposition, erosion

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8
Q

10% rule

A

only 10% of energy moves up trophic level

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9
Q

carnivore

A

secondary consumer

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10
Q

carrying capacity

A

max # of organisms of a species an area can sustain

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11
Q

change in population size

A

increase or decrease due to death/birth rate changing

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12
Q

climax community

A

results from succession, predominant vegetation type

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13
Q

community

A

all organisms in a particular area

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14
Q

compensation depth

A

area where O2 amount released=amount consumed

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15
Q

hypolimnion

A

below thermocline

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16
Q

density dependent

A

will affect greater % if population is large, determine carrying capacity

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17
Q

density indenpent

A

will affect same % of population no matter size

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18
Q

dimictic

A

overturn 2 times a year

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19
Q

ecological time

A

evolutionary time

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20
Q

ecology

A

study of ecosystems

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21
Q

ecosystem

A

includes organisms+environment

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22
Q

epilimnion

A

above thermocline

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23
Q

euphotic zone

A

light; above compensation depth

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24
Q

eutrophic

A

shallow, high nutrient content, murky body of water

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25
Q

eutrophication

A

oligotrophic water becomes eutrophic

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26
Q

evolutionary time

A

over long periods of time

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27
Q

exponential growth

A

of organisms increase at steady rate

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28
Q

food chain

A

length determined by amount of energy transferred at each level

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29
Q

food web

A

feeding chains woven together

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30
Q

greenhouse effect

A

build up of gases in atmosphere

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31
Q

habitat

A

where an organism lives

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32
Q

herbivore

A

primary consumer

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33
Q

heterotroph

A

rely on others for food

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34
Q

biomass pyramid

A

standing crop biomass represented by each tier

35
Q

pyramid of productivity

A

proportional to productivity per time unit

36
Q

aposematic sound

A

defenseless organism sounds like dangerous organism

37
Q

batesian mimicry

A

defenseless species resembles toxic species

38
Q

commensalism

A

1 organism benefits/1 unaffected (+/o)

39
Q

competitive exclusion principle

A

no 2 species with same niche

40
Q

contest competition

A

territorial division

41
Q

cryptic coloration

A

organism blends with surrounding

42
Q

interspecific competition

A

between different species

43
Q

intraspecific competition

A

between organisms of same species

44
Q

dispersal patterns

A

random/clumped/uniform

45
Q

generalized predators

A

eat more than one organism

46
Q

pyramid of numbers

A

relative # of organisms in each trophic level

47
Q

pyramid of energy

A

relative amount of energy in each level

48
Q

K-strategy

A

nurturing reproductive strategy

49
Q

limnetic zone

A

open surface

50
Q

littoral zone

A

shallow/near-shore

51
Q

monomictic

A

overturn 1x a year

52
Q

mullerian mimicry

A

2 or more distasteful organisms resemble eachother

53
Q

mutualism

A

2 organism live together both benefit (+/+)

54
Q

niche

A

organisms fundamental role(job) in ecosystem

55
Q

nitrogen cycle

A

ammonium + nitrate; fixation, 5-10% atmosphere

56
Q

nutrient pollution

A

cause eutrophication, excess N/P

57
Q

oligotrophic

A

deep + nutrient poor

58
Q

omnivore

A

consume autotrophs+ other comsumers

59
Q

overturn

A

nutrient cycling w/water temp change

60
Q

parasitism

A

one benefits/one is harmed (+/-)

61
Q

phosphorus cycle

A

over 2 periods of time; nucleic acid

62
Q

population

A

group of species in given area

63
Q

population density

A

of organisms of a species in given area

64
Q

population fluctuation

A

in cycles; rise and fall of predator/prey connected

65
Q

primary productivity

A

extent of photosynthetic activity; sets energy budget

66
Q

primary succesion

A

starts in area w/no life

67
Q

producer

A

autotroph, energy from sun

68
Q

profundal zone

A

deep aphotic region

69
Q

R-strategy

A

lay em and leave em reproductive strategy

70
Q

scramble competition

A

without regard for other organisms

71
Q

secondary productivty

A

rate of consumer conversion of chem energy to new biomass

72
Q

secondary succession

A

after natural disaster

73
Q

specialized predators

A

consume one organism

74
Q

species diversity

A

of species in an ecosystem

75
Q

survivorship curves

A
  1. long life;die old / 2. constant proportion of death / 3. few reach maturity
76
Q

stable population

A

age structure remains constant

77
Q

stationary population

A

remains same size over time

78
Q

thermal pollution

A

water temp increase disturbing ecosystem

79
Q

thermocline

A

region of rapid temp change

80
Q

trophic level

A

how far organisms removed from autotrophs

81
Q

water cycle

A

no chem change

82
Q

saprophyte / saprobe

A

organism that lives on decaying matter

83
Q

species turnover

A

species leaves/dies and another takes over its niche

84
Q

sedimentary cycle

A

erosion, transport, then burial

ADV BIO HONORS (11 decks)

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