Biochemistry Flashcards
Hydroxyl
-O-H ethanol
Carbonyl
> C=O acetone
Amine
H
-N< glycerne
H
Phosphate
R-PO4 ATP
Carboxyl
O
-C< Acetic Acid
OH
Sulfhydryl
-S-H Cysteine
Carbohydrates
CHO - Monosaccharides- Cellulose : short-term energy, structural support
Lipids
CHO - Fatty Acid Chain+glycerol - Cholesterol : Long-term energy, cell membrane, hormones
Proteins
CHON - Amino Acids - Hemoglobin: support, storage, transport, defense, enzymes
Nucleic Acid
CHONP - Nucleotides - DNA: genetic information
Primary Protein structure
Amino acids, determined by genetic sequence
Secondary Protein structure
folded (pleated sheet) or coil (helix)
Tertiary Protein structure
3D, interactions between R-groups of Amino Acids
Quaternary Protein structure
multiple polypeptide chains
denatured proteins
change in temp/pH causes loss of 3D shape, nonfunctional
3 parts of nucleotides
5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
Difference between RNA and DNA
RNA is single stranded + uracyl + everywhere
DNA is double stranded + Thymine + only in nucleus
Backbone of DNA
Sugar-Phosphate backbone
difference betweens glucose, maltose, fructose, and celluose?
The # of monosaccharides ~ glucose - simple sugar (building block) maltose - glucose+glucose (disaccharide) fructose - simple sugar (fruit/veg) cellulose - polysaccharide (many glucose)
why isn’t starch sweet?
to complex
Triglycerides (Lipids)
3 fatty-acid chains+glycerol, long-term energy, saturated(bad)/unsaturated(good)
Phospholipids (Lipids)
2 fatty-acid chains +phosphate head, cell membrane
Steroids (lipids)
4 fused carbon rings, regulation (cholesterol/hormones/vitamins)
Waxes (Lipids)
solid at room temp, protective cover, insoluble in water
