Biochemistry

Question 1

Hydroxyl

Answer 1

-O-H ethanol

Question 2

Carbonyl

Answer 2

> C=O acetone

Question 3

Amine

Answer 3

H
-N< glycerne
H

Question 4

Phosphate

Answer 4

R-PO4 ATP

Question 5

Carboxyl

Answer 5

O
-C< Acetic Acid
OH

Question 6

Sulfhydryl

Answer 6

-S-H Cysteine

Question 7

Carbohydrates

Answer 7

CHO - Monosaccharides- Cellulose : short-term energy, structural support

Question 8

Lipids

Answer 8

CHO - Fatty Acid Chain+glycerol - Cholesterol : Long-term energy, cell membrane, hormones

Question 9

Proteins

Answer 9

CHON - Amino Acids - Hemoglobin: support, storage, transport, defense, enzymes

Question 10

Nucleic Acid

Answer 10

CHONP - Nucleotides - DNA: genetic information

Question 11

Primary Protein structure

Answer 11

Amino acids, determined by genetic sequence

Question 12

Secondary Protein structure

Answer 12

folded (pleated sheet) or coil (helix)

Question 13

Tertiary Protein structure

Answer 13

3D, interactions between R-groups of Amino Acids

Question 14

Quaternary Protein structure

Answer 14

multiple polypeptide chains

Question 15

denatured proteins

Answer 15

change in temp/pH causes loss of 3D shape, nonfunctional

Question 16

3 parts of nucleotides

Answer 16

5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

Question 17

Difference between RNA and DNA

Answer 17

RNA is single stranded + uracyl + everywhere

DNA is double stranded + Thymine + only in nucleus

Question 18

Backbone of DNA

Answer 18

Sugar-Phosphate backbone

Question 19

difference betweens glucose, maltose, fructose, and celluose?

Answer 19

The # of monosaccharides ~
glucose - simple sugar (building block)
maltose - glucose+glucose (disaccharide)
fructose - simple sugar (fruit/veg)
cellulose - polysaccharide (many glucose)

Question 20

why isn’t starch sweet?

Answer 20

to complex

Question 21

Triglycerides (Lipids)

Answer 21

3 fatty-acid chains+glycerol, long-term energy, saturated(bad)/unsaturated(good)

Question 22

Phospholipids (Lipids)

Answer 22

2 fatty-acid chains +phosphate head, cell membrane

Question 23

Steroids (lipids)

Answer 23

4 fused carbon rings, regulation (cholesterol/hormones/vitamins)

Question 24

Waxes (Lipids)

Answer 24

solid at room temp, protective cover, insoluble in water

Question 25

Build a polymer

Answer 25

dehydration (take H away)

Question 26

Break a polymer

Answer 26

hydration (add H)

Question 27

3 types of RNA

Answer 27

transfers to ribosomes (tRNA), messenger from DNA to ribosomes (mRNA), ribosomal binds to mRNA (rRNA)