UNIT 1- Earth and space

Question 1

The main greenhouse gases

Answer 1

• Water Vapour
• Carbon dioxide
• Nitrous Oxide
• Methane Gas

Question 2

Consequences of a high concentration of green house gases

Answer 2

• Severe weather
• Rise in sea level
• Droughts
• Permafrost Thawing

Question 3

Salinity

Answer 3

The salt content of ocean water

Question 4

The more salt the water contains the more____ the _____ it is the ______ it sinks to the bottom

Answer 4

-the denser it is
-the denser the water is
-the faster it sinks to the bottom

Question 5

Why do ocean have salts?

Answer 5

Seawater continuously pound against the lithosphere, dissolving salts in them

Question 6

Why is there a high salt content on the equator?

Answer 6

The heat and drought evaporates the water, increasing Salinity

Question 7

Why is there less salt content Near the poles?

Answer 7

Melting glaciers and pack ice add fresh water, diluting the saltwater

Question 8

Permafrost

Answer 8

A layer of ground whose temperature has been 0 degrees for at least 2 years.

Question 9

2 layers of permafrost

Answer 9

• The active layer -thin upper layer that melts in summer, supporting plant life in thawed soil
• A thick underlaying base of ground that never melts

Question 10

Deep currents

Answer 10

A subsurface component of the general oceanic circulation caused by differences in water density, temperature and salinity

Question 11

Subsurface currents

Answer 11

Wind driven and represent the most important cause of the ocean circulation. The rotation of the earth and tides also plays a role in this circulation

Question 12

Impacts of global warming to the Thermohaline circulation.

Answer 12

Reduce the density of sinking water threatening to slow down the Thermohaline circulation

Question 13

A catchment (Watershed)

Answer 13

A territory bounded by crest lines surrounding a network of rivers and streams, which also includes groundwater and surface run-offs

Question 14

Oceanic circulation

Answer 14

Represents the movement of waters all around earth. Distributes sun energy more evenly between the poles and equator

Question 15

Thermohaline circulation

Answer 15

Connects the deep and surface currents, it regulates temperature preventing extreme cold at the poles and extreme heat at the equator

Question 16

A glacier

Answer 16

A slowly sliding mass of ice which is formed on land due to the accumulation of snow on top of it

Question 17

Pack ice

Answer 17

A mass of ice which is formed on the surface of the ocean due to cold temperatures which freeze the top layer of the water

Question 18

non renewable energy souce

Answer 18

Is finite. Will eventually run out of

Question 19

Renewable energy

Answer 19

Constantly replenished. Will never run out of

Question 20

Nuclear energy (Uranium)

Answer 20

An energy trapped inside the nucleus of an atom, when uranium nuclei are split in a nuclear reactor it release a large amount of energy and radioactive radiation.

Question 21

Geothermal energy

Answer 21

Below the lithosphere lays a hot magma which release thermal energy, when the energy is harnessed it’s called Geothemics

Question 22

Wind energy

Answer 22

Harnessed using wind mills. The wind causes the turbines to rotate an coverts mechanical energy to electrical energy

Question 23

Solar pannels

Answer 23

Captured using solar panels. As the sun’s rays hit panels containing photovoltaic cells, they cause electrons to flow creating current electricity

Question 24

Hydroelectricity

Answer 24

Use the movement of falling water to spin turbines, the turbines convert mechanical energy to electrical

Question 25

Wave energy

Answer 25

Produced when the energy contained in the movement of water is harnessed using buoys

Question 26

Ocean currents

Answer 26

Spin underwater turbine (just like wind turbines) using buoys

Question 27

Tidal Energy

Answer 27

Electricity can be produced when water from a High tide is collected then falls

Question 28

Carbon cycle

Answer 28

A set process by which the essential element carbon passes from one environment to the next and return to its original environment