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D&D Drugs > Unit 1 Drug Summaries > Flashcards

Unit 1 Drug Summaries Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin G

A

cell wall syn inhibitor - bacteriCIDAL
IM/IV, renal excretion
gram - cocci
rash, anaphylaxis

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2
Q

Penicillin V

A

cell wall syn inhibitor- bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal excretion
gram + rods
rash, anaphylaxis

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3
Q

Penicillinase-resistant

A

cell wall syn inhibit- bacteriCIDAL
po, renal excretion
MSSA, skin infections
rash, anaphylaxis

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4
Q

Amoxicillin

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal excretion
gram - rods, gram + cocci
diarrhea, CDAD possible

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5
Q

Antipseudomonal

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
IV only, renal excretion
Pseudomonas, Bacteroides

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6
Q

Cephalexin

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal excretion
gram + cocci, gram - rods
diarrhea

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7
Q

Ceflacor, Cefuroxime

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal excretion
gram - rods, Bacteroides
CDAD possible, enhance Warfarin

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8
Q

Cefdinir, Ceftriaxone

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
good po/CNS penetration, renal
expanded gram - rods
CDAD possible

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9
Q

Vancomycin

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
poor po, renal excretion
narrow spectrum gram + cocci (MRSA, C. diff)
chills/fever/rash/moniter Cp

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10
Q

Carbapenems

A

cell wall syn inhibit, bacteriCIDAL
IV, renal excretion
wide-spectrum for multi-drug resist
n/v, diarrhea, seizures

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11
Q

Azythromycin

A

protein syn inhib (50S) bacteriostatic
po daily, biliary excrete
gram - rods bacilli
GI, DDI: inhib P450 metabolism

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12
Q

Doxycycline

A 
protein syn inhib (30S) bacteriostatic
po, renal excretion
broad spectrum, CA-MRSA
abn bone/tooth develop, fungal infect
DDI with metal cations
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13
Q

Minocycline

A 
protein syn inhib (30S) bacteriostatic
po,biliary excretion
broad spectrum, CA-MRSA
abn bone/tooth develop, fungal infect
DDI with metal cations
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14
Q

Clindamycin

A

protein syn inhib (50S) bacteriostatic
good po/IV
narrow spectrum gram + anaerobes CA-MRSA
severe diarrhea/pseudomembranous colitis

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15
Q

Aminoglycoside

A

protein syn inhib (30S) bacteriCIDAL
IM/IV, accum in ear/kidney, renal excretion
narrow spectrum gram - aerobes
vestibular, auditory, nephrotoxicity

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16
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

protein syn inhib (50S) bacteriostatic
good po/IV, glucouronidation
broad-spectrum gram -/+
bone marrow toxicity, gray baby syndrome

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17
Q

Oxalidinones

A

protein syn inhib (50S) bacteriostatic
excellent po/IV, non-enzymatic oxidation
excellent gram + (reserve for multidrug resist)
well tolerated

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18
Q

Streptogamins

A

protein syn inhib (50S) bacteriostatic
IV only, biliary excretion
excellent gram + (reserve for multidrug resist)
infusion pain/phlebitis, inhibits CYP3A4

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19
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

inhibits DNA gyrase, bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal extcretion
excellent gram -
well tolerated, CDAD possible

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20
Q

Levofloxacin

A

inhibits DNA gyrase, bacteriCIDAL
good po, renal exctretion
excellent gram -/+
well tolerated, CDAD possible

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21
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

bacterial DNA damage, bacteriCIDAL
rapid GI, kidney absorp - urinary antiseptic
1st line UTI agent
GI side effects

22
Q

Metronidazole

A

interfere w/ bac DNA fxn, bacteriCIDAL
po, hepatic metabolism
aerobic bacteria, protozoa
nausea, headache, GI distress

23
Q

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim

A

inhibit folate metabolism, bacteriCIDAL
good po/IV, hepatic/renal elimination
broad spectrum gram -/+, CA-MRSA
hypersensitivity skin rxns

24
Q

Isoniazid

A

inhibit cell wall syn, bacteriCIDAL
po, acytylation metabolism
TB
alleric rxns, hepatotoxicity

25
Q

Rifampin

A

inhibit RNA polymerase, bacteriCIDAL
good po, hepatobiliary
TB + other bac
liver inducer, orange-red secretions

26
Q

Ethambutol

A

inhibits cell wall syn bacteriCIDAL
po, renal/fecal excretion
TB
optic neuritis

27
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

good po, hepatic metabolism
TB
hepatotoxic/hyperuricemia

28
Q

Streptomycin

A

protein syn inhibit (30S) bacteriCIDAL
IM
TB
8th nerve toxicity

29
Q

Amphotericin

A

forms ergosterol pores - lysis
IV or topical, slow kidney excrete
broad spectrum, systemic infections
fever/chills, nephrotoxicity

30
Q

Nystatin

A

forms ergosterol pores - lysis
topical
superficial Candidal infections
well tolerated

31
Q

Caspofungin

A

inhibits cell wall syn/assembly
IV infusion, P450 inducers
aspergillosis
rash, pruritus

32
Q

Fluconazole

A

selective inhibit fungal P450
IV/po, enters CNS, renal excretion
Candidiasis
well-tolerated

33
Q

Terbinafine

A

inhibits squalene oxidase (no ergosterol)
po/topical, hepatic P450 metabolism
onychomycosis of finger/toe nails
inhib CYP450, rash, headache

34
Q

Flucytosine

A

inhib fungal thymidylate synthetase
well absorb/distributed, renal excretion
serious cryptococcosis/candidiasis
n/v/skin rashes, bone marrow depression

35
Q

Griseofulvin

A

inhibits fungal microtubules, mitosis
poor po, +fatty meal
severe dermatophytosis of skin/hair/nails
hypersensitivity rxn

36
Q

Acyclovir

A

inhibits viral DNA polymerase
topical/po/IV
Herpes HSV-1/HSV-2
minor n/v toxicity

37
Q

Valacyclovir

A

inhibits viral DNA polymerase
prodrug
Herpes HSV-1/HSV-2
minor n/v toxicity

38
Q

Entecavir

A

guanosine analog, inhib DNA polymerase
po, renal excretion
Hepatitis B
well tolerated

39
Q

Tenofovir

A

adenosine nucleotide analog, inhib DNA poly
prodrug, kidney excretion
Hepatitis B
well tolerated, HSM with HIV

40
Q

Interferon-α

A

inhib mRNA translate, increase degradation
parenterally, renal elimination
Hepatitis B
flu-like symptoms

41
Q

Ribavirin

A

inhibits viral RNA polymerase
aerosol/po
RSV / Hepatitis C
systemic toxicity w/ anemia, bone marrow depletion

42
Q

Telaprevir/Boceprevir

A

prevents formation of HCV replicase
po w/ food
Hepatitis C
rash, anemia

43
Q

Sufosbuvir

A

nucleotide inhib or HCV polymerase
po, renal excretion
Hepatitis C
well tolerated, some fatigue, insomia, nausea

44
Q

Emtricitabine

A

inhibits viral reverse transcriptase
po, renal excretion, intracell t1/2 > plasma t1/2
backbone of HIV therapy
best tolerated HIV med

45
Q

Tenofovir

A

inhibits viral reverse transcriptase
po, renal excretion, intracell t1/2 > plasma t1/2
backbone of HIV therapy
well tolerated HIV med

46
Q

Efavirenz

A

binds noncatalytic site, inhib reverse transcriptase
po,
HIV therapy, always in combo
rash. headache, metabolic DDI’s

47
Q

Atazanavir

A

inhibits viral proteases
po, inhib P450 enzymes
HIV + base therapy for 2 NRTI’s
rash, bilirubinemia/jaundice

48
Q

Darunavir

A

inhibits viral proteases
po, inhib P450 enzymes
HIV + base therapy for 2 NRTI’s
severe rash/SJ syndrome

49
Q

Ritonavir

A

inhibits viral proteases
po, POTENT inhib P450 enzymes
HIV
GI, hepatotoxicity

50
Q

Raltegravir

A

inhibs enzyme for viral insertion to DNA
rapid po, hepatic glucuronidation elimination
base therapy wiht 2 NRTI’s
well tolerated, DDI: glucuronidation inducer

51
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

prevents HIV fusion with gp41 cell entry
BID SC injection, liver/kidney peptidases
option for HIV pt with drug resistance
injection site inflammation

52
Q

Maraviroc

A

block HIV entry to CD4 cells
po, fecal/renal excretion
option for HIV pt with drug resistance
mild GI, HA, URI, DDI with ART to CYP3A4

D&D Drugs (7 decks)

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