Unit 1: Diversity (Finished)

Question 1

A Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote

Answer 1

Prokaryote: An organism that does not have a nucleus. Some examples are: Cyanobacteria (Algae), Archaea
Eukaryote: An organism that does have a nucleus. Some examples are: Body Cells

Question 2

What is classification?

Answer 2

Viruses have a unique method of classification. They are classified into four groups: Order, Family, Genus and Species.

Question 3

What is the Lytic Cycle?

Answer 3

A process of virus reproduction where the virus infiltrates a cell and reprograms it to produce more viruses. When the cell is full, it bursts, releasing all the viruses into the environment (Such as a body of water or your body)

Question 4

What is the Lysogenetic Cycle?

Answer 4

A process of virus reproduction where the virus infiltrates a cell and reprograms it to produce more viruses. The cell then lies dormant and releases the viruses upon a trigger (such as stress). This means that a person could be infected with a virus for years, or even decades without knowing it or showing any symptoms.

Question 5

What is the difference between Lytic and Lysogenetic Cycle?

Answer 5

the lytic cycle releases the viruses upon completion whereas the lysogenic cycle waits for a real life trigger to release the viruses, releasing the viruses.

Question 6

What happens in the first phase of Binary Fission, Genetic Duplication?

Answer 6

The genetic material (DNA or RNA) is copied

Question 7

What happens in the second phase of Binary Fission, Elongation and separation?

Answer 7

The organism enlarges and separates.

Question 8

What happens during the third phase of Binary Fission, Division?

Answer 8

The organism divides into two different organisms, with identical DNA composition.

Question 9

why does binary fission not allow for genetic variation among it’s species?

Answer 9

Since the “child” bacteria are genetically identical to the parent, binary fission doesn’t provide an opportunity for genetic recombination or genetic diversity

Question 10

What are plasmids in bacteria?

Answer 10

Plasmids are circular collections of DNA that code for nonessential elements such as antibiotic resistance. Plasmids replicate alongside binary fission and are passed down the same way.

Question 11

What are plasmids in protists?

Answer 11

The majority of protists do not have plasmids as they instead are eukaryotic (possessing a nucleus) as opposed to bacteria who do not have a nucleus (prokaryotic)

Question 12

What is Conjugation and how does it occur?

Answer 12

The process of giving genetic information directly to other members of the same species via direct contact. The genetic information exchanged usually derives from plasmids. The genetic information is copied in the original organism and is passed into and accepted by the other organism.

Question 13

What genetic information exchanged process, usually derives from plasmids?

Answer 13

Conjugation

Question 14

What are the 3 main types of Archaea?

Answer 14

Thermophiles, Acidophiles, and Halophiles

Question 15

What are thermophiles?

Answer 15

Archaea that love to live in extremely hot environments such as hotsprings. Some can only survive in boiling water.

(Think: Thermophiles, thermo as in temperature)

Question 16

What are Acidophiles?

Answer 16

Archaea that love to live in extremely acidic conditions (usually a pH of 3 or less)

[Remember: Lower pH = More acidic]) such as volcanoes or the human stoma

Question 17

What are Halophiles?

Answer 17

Archaea that love to live in extremely salty conditions such as the dead sea. They usually require a salt concentration of more than 20%.

Question 18

What is the rank of Classification?

Answer 18

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

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Question 19

What is the rank, Domain?

Answer 19

Viruses are in their own classification as they are not considered to be alive.

Question 20

What are the 3 classifications within Domain?

Answer 20

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryote

Question 21

What is the rank of kingdom?

Answer 21

A less broad version of domain. For example in the Eukaryote classification there are subclassifications such as, fungi, animalia, plate, ect.

Question 22

What is the rank, Phylum?

Answer 22

This category organises animals into organisms with similar bodily characteristics such as chordata (vertebrates), molluska (snails and clams), and arthropoda (arthropods [has an exoskeleton])

Question 23

What is the rank, Class?

Answer 23

Subdivisions of phylums, such as mammals

Question 24

What is the rank, Order?

Answer 24

Subdivisions of class, such as carnivora or herbivora (meat eaters or plant eaters).

Question 25

What is the rank, Family?

Answer 25

Subdivisions of order, such as felidae (Cats such as house cats and lions) that all share similar characteristics.

Question 26

What is the rank, Genus?

Answer 26

Subdivisions of family such as panthera (Lions, tigers and panthers)

Question 27

What is the rank, species?

Answer 27

A specific type of animal. For example: Canis Lupus is the taxonomy for a grey wolf (Lupus being the species name).

Question 28

What is a Dictomous key?

Answer 28

A method of identifying different species based on physical traits that they do/don’t have.