Unit 1: Diversity (Finished) Flashcards
A Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryote: An organism that does not have a nucleus. Some examples are: Cyanobacteria (Algae), Archaea
Eukaryote: An organism that does have a nucleus. Some examples are: Body Cells
What is classification?
Viruses have a unique method of classification. They are classified into four groups: Order, Family, Genus and Species.
What is the Lytic Cycle?
A process of virus reproduction where the virus infiltrates a cell and reprograms it to produce more viruses. When the cell is full, it bursts, releasing all the viruses into the environment (Such as a body of water or your body)
What is the Lysogenetic Cycle?
A process of virus reproduction where the virus infiltrates a cell and reprograms it to produce more viruses. The cell then lies dormant and releases the viruses upon a trigger (such as stress). This means that a person could be infected with a virus for years, or even decades without knowing it or showing any symptoms.
What is the difference between Lytic and Lysogenetic Cycle?
the lytic cycle releases the viruses upon completion whereas the lysogenic cycle waits for a real life trigger to release the viruses, releasing the viruses.
What happens in the first phase of Binary Fission, Genetic Duplication?
The genetic material (DNA or RNA) is copied
What happens in the second phase of Binary Fission, Elongation and separation?
The organism enlarges and separates.
What happens during the third phase of Binary Fission, Division?
The organism divides into two different organisms, with identical DNA composition.
why does binary fission not allow for genetic variation among it’s species?
Since the “child” bacteria are genetically identical to the parent, binary fission doesn’t provide an opportunity for genetic recombination or genetic diversity
What are plasmids in bacteria?
Plasmids are circular collections of DNA that code for nonessential elements such as antibiotic resistance. Plasmids replicate alongside binary fission and are passed down the same way.
What are plasmids in protists?
The majority of protists do not have plasmids as they instead are eukaryotic (possessing a nucleus) as opposed to bacteria who do not have a nucleus (prokaryotic)
What is Conjugation and how does it occur?
The process of giving genetic information directly to other members of the same species via direct contact. The genetic information exchanged usually derives from plasmids. The genetic information is copied in the original organism and is passed into and accepted by the other organism.
What genetic information exchanged process, usually derives from plasmids?
Conjugation
What are the 3 main types of Archaea?
Thermophiles, Acidophiles, and Halophiles
What are thermophiles?
Archaea that love to live in extremely hot environments such as hotsprings. Some can only survive in boiling water.
(Think: Thermophiles, thermo as in temperature)
What are Acidophiles?
Archaea that love to live in extremely acidic conditions (usually a pH of 3 or less)
[Remember: Lower pH = More acidic]) such as volcanoes or the human stoma
What are Halophiles?
Archaea that love to live in extremely salty conditions such as the dead sea. They usually require a salt concentration of more than 20%.
What is the rank of Classification?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
- Does Kevin Prefer Chess Or Forming Grand Sandcastles
- Dear
Think of
What is the rank, Domain?
Viruses are in their own classification as they are not considered to be alive.
What are the 3 classifications within Domain?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryote
What is the rank of kingdom?
A less broad version of domain. For example in the Eukaryote classification there are subclassifications such as, fungi, animalia, plate, ect.
What is the rank, Phylum?
This category organises animals into organisms with similar bodily characteristics such as chordata (vertebrates), molluska (snails and clams), and arthropoda (arthropods [has an exoskeleton])
What is the rank, Class?
Subdivisions of phylums, such as mammals
What is the rank, Order?
Subdivisions of class, such as carnivora or herbivora (meat eaters or plant eaters).
What is the rank, Family?
Subdivisions of order, such as felidae (Cats such as house cats and lions) that all share similar characteristics.
What is the rank, Genus?
Subdivisions of family such as panthera (Lions, tigers and panthers)
What is the rank, species?
A specific type of animal. For example: Canis Lupus is the taxonomy for a grey wolf (Lupus being the species name).
What is a Dictomous key?
A method of identifying different species based on physical traits that they do/don’t have.
