Unit 1: Developmental Milestones Birth to 12 months

Question 1

What is postural control?

Answer 1

control of body position in space for STABILITY and ORIENTATION

ability to maintain relationship between body segments and between the body and environment/task

ability to control COM in relationship to BOS

Question 2

what are the key concepts of postural control?

Answer 2

• the regulation of sensory info to produce a controlled efficient motor response (body alignment, muscle tone, ractice balance, proactive balance)
• typical development occurs in cephalo-caudal pattern (head control happens first)
• occurs from proximal to distal (trunk and axial control before fine motor skills
• weight shift
• muscle lengthening prior to activation (tummy time develops motor skills more rapidly- abdominals)
• righting reactions (build rotation) (tilting 8mo baby, and they will right their eyes and activate their body core) response to perterbation
• equilibrium reactions in response to SAFETY
• protective reaction (safety response when equilibrium reaction fails) (parachute reaction- quickly flip baby upsidedown and they should cover their head)

Question 3

a 0-10 month old neonates present with tonic labyrinthine in prone and supine… explain what this looks like in each position

Answer 3

prone- flexion; infant curls towards support surface

supine- extension; infant curls into support surface still but into extension

Question 4

what is neck righting?

Answer 4

automatic response observed in infants that helps them maintain their head in an upright position when their body is tilted or turned

if baby is tilted to the right, head will turn to the left to keep alignment with the body’s position

Question 5

at what age is a baby able to prop up on elbows

Answer 5

3 months

Question 6

at what age does the landau reaction take place

Answer 6

3 -4 months

Question 7

at what age is movement random

Answer 7

1-2 months

Question 8

at what age does a child initiate head lifting and turning in prone

Answer 8

month 2

Question 9

at what age can a baby lift head to 90 degrees in prone

Answer 9

3 months

Question 10

what age is a critical month where strong symmetrical development takes place

Answer 10

month 4

Question 11

at what age does a baby begin to roll from supine to sidelying

Answer 11

month 4

Question 12

at what age does a baby roll prone to supine

Answer 12

month 4

Question 13

what month is there decreased ATNR

Answer 13

4th month

Question 14

at what age can a baby sit with arms propped anteriorly but is unable to reach

Answer 14

month 5

Question 15

at what age is rolling a childs promary means of mobility

Answer 15

month 5

Question 16

at what age does a baby have controlled asymmetry

Answer 16

month 5

Question 17

at what age can a baby unstably sit with no hands

Answer 17

6 months

Question 18

when can a baby fully pull to sit?

Answer 18

6 months

Question 19

when does protective extension sideways occur?

Answer 19

month 7

Question 20

when can a baby pivot in prone?

Answer 20

month 7

Question 21

when can a baby belly and quadruped crawl?

Answer 21

month 7

Question 22

when does creeping backwards begin?

Answer 22

month 8

Question 23

what is the most beneficial and functional position for an 8-9 month year old

Answer 23

sitting

Question 24

when can a baby begin rocking?

Answer 24

month 7

Question 25

when can a baby sit, sit to quadruped, side sit, kneel, and walk with both hands held?

Answer 25

month 8

Question 26

when does creeping become the main form of mobility

Answer 26

month 9

Question 27

when is a child able to pull to stand and lower to sitting?

Answer 27

month 10-11

Question 28

when does cruising emerge and language double?

Answer 28

month 10

Question 29

when can a child bear stand or plantigrade?

Answer 29

month 11

Question 30

The landau reaction is defined as: Stimulus ______, Response ________

Answer 30

ventral suspension or prone, full body extension

Question 31

T or F: hamstring length precedes hamstring activation

Answer 31

true, 11 months with plantigrade/bear stand

Question 32

when might a child begin to stand alone and take first steps

Answer 32

11 months

Question 33

when should a child take his first independent steps

Answer 33

12 months

Question 34

at what age is the ear in line with the shoulder

Answer 34

4 months