Unit 1 Course Content Flashcards
Sub-standard performance in sport is attributable to what kind of factors?
Psychological factors
What is sport?
An organized set of rules and regulations
Define sport psychology
- “what is in the mind”(shoulders up; explained through procedures, methods, and theories)
- the scientific study of the psychological factors that influence and are influenced by participation and performance in sport, exercise, and physical activity
- the application of knowledge gained through this study to everyday settings
How far back does sport history go?
Early days of Egypt, Babylonia, and Syria (18th-6th century B.C.)
Gives two examples of recent sport history
Greek Olympic games and the Roman civilizations
What year did sport psychology begin as an academic discipline?
1960
When did sport psychology become an applied discipline?
A few years after 1960
What branches of psychology is sport psychology built on?
- Developmental psychology
- Clinical (personality) psychology
- Cognitive psychology
- Social psychology
- Psychometrics measurement
Developmental psychology in sport psychology includes:
- optimal learning and performance years
- heredity and environment
- childhood/adolescent experiences
- maturity and aging
- disabilities
Clinical psychology in sport psychology includes:
- adjustment problems
- motivation
- persistence
- direction and effort
- psychological attributes and success
Cognitive psychology in sport psychology includes:
- learning processes and variables
- perceptual and cognitive factors influencing skill acquisition
- performance variables
- individualized learning approaches
Social psychology in sport psychology includes:
- competition
- cooperation
- leadership and management
- spectator effects
- peer and culture effects
- communication
- social dimensions
Psychometrics measurement in sport psychology includes:
- individual differences
- group differences
- abilities
- aptitudes and skills
- personnel selection
- prediction of success
What is the main premise of sport psychology?
To understand the movement of the body, we have to understand its connection with the mind
What is the difference between winning and success?
Winning is a number on the scoreboard.
Success is an understanding of your effort and participation.
What does sport psychology attempt to do?
It attempts to apply what we know about the psychology of human behaviour to better describe, understand, explain, predict, and improve the performance AND experience of athletes and coaches
What two distinct areas does sport psychology study?
- The influence of cognitive, behavioural, social, and emotional factors on sport and exercise performance
- The effect of sport and exercise involvement on psychological and emotional factors
Positive psychology in sport:
the belief that the study of athletic behaviour and experience should focus on wellness and quality of life (not just absence of disease)
Evidence-based practice in sport:
emphasizes the argument that valuable application and practice in sport psychology must be based upon good science
What reasons would a sport psychologist be contacted for?
- improve performance
- overcome pressure of competition
- enhance the experience of sport participants
- provide psychological assistance with injury
What does applied sporty psychology involve?
assessment, training, and intervention strategies that enhance an individual’s performance and personal growth
Why is it important to consider an athlete’s life skills?
- they influence athletic performance
- performance can be facilitated OR hindered by communication skills, assertiveness, anger management, and time management
Conditions of something being considered a sport:
- some type of physical activity/skill
- must occur under a set of particular conditions (involves competition
- depends on a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (only intrinsic=play; only extrinsic=spectacle)
What was valued by the Greeks in sport around 500 B.C.?
Winning; champion was celebrated and often became rich
Historically, what did the Romans value in sport?
sport for health and military reasons
What happened to sport in the Middle Ages (during the fall of the Roman Empire)?
- Christianity spread and the Catholic Church viewed recreation as sin
- only nobility were allowed to participate in tournaments, jousting, and horseback events
Describe sport history during the Renaissance and Reformation period
- Catholic Church decline and Europe controlled by monarchs therefore rekindling of recreation
- working class was allowed to participate
What happened during the Protestant Reformation regarding sport history?
- church leaders prohibited most forms of recreation and sports
- colonizers brought their beliefs of disapproval to North America (New England region)
How did America in the south differ in the past regarding sport?
- slave operated plantation owners became established and their attitudes were less Puritan
- colonies grew, became more established, and sport/recreational activities began to develop across socio-economic classes in sports
First sport psychology study conducted by Norman Triplett in:
1898
First sport psychology laboratory established by C. R. Griffith at the University of Illinois in:
1925
International Society of Sport Psychology is formed in: 1965
North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity is formed in:
1967
Canadian Society for Psychomotor Learning and Sport Psychology is formed in:
1969
Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology is formed in:
1985
Division 47 of the American Psychological Association (Exercise and Sport Psychology) is formed in:
1987
Inductive reasoning:
is reasoning from particular instances to general principles (from facts or empirical data to theories)
Deductive reasoning:
is reasoning from the general to the particular (applying a theory to a particular case)
Why do athletes cheat?
- to win
- to survive in their sport (by way of performance-enhancing drugs)
- “because everyone does it” and if you want to beat your rivals, you have to join them
Faustian mentality:
the win-at-all-costs mentality of athletes, which leads to using performance enhancing drugs
Fact or myth: success is equivalent to winning
Myth
Cheating may lead to _______ but it does not lead to _______.
winning; success
What qualifications does a clinical/counselling psychologist typically have?
M.A. or Ph.D in clinical or counselling psychology
What do clinical/counselling psychologists focus on?
emotional and personality disorder problems
Educational sport psychologists have which qualifications?
M.A. or Ph.D in clinical or counseling psychology
What do educational sport psychologists have and what do they do?
- strong knowledge base of sport psychologist
2. act as practitioners to teach and consult on theory/research findings to athletes and coaches
What is the goal of an educational sport psychologist?
to enhance psychological skills for best performance and improve the quality of life for both athletes and coaches
What kind of trend is predicted for the future of teaching/research opportunities and the demand for training in clinical/counselling psychology?
Upward trend; will be in demand bc of diversity of future sport and exercise settings
What are the 3 professional issues in sport psychology?
- training
- credentialing
- ethics
