unit 1 condensed Flashcards
draw diagram of prokaryote
see notion
draw diagram of eukaryote
see notion
outline functions of prokaryote cellular structures.
cell wall: protecting it and helping to maintain its shape
plasma membrane: controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell
cytoplasm: site of all metabolic reactions.
pili: help in cell adhesion and in transferring of DNA between two cells.
flagella: responsible for the locomotion of the organism
70s ribosomes: sites of protein synthesis.
nucleoid: Controls all the activities of the cell, as well as the reproduction of the organism.
plasmids: circles of DNA that carry a few genes; often these genes give the cell antibiotic resistance
outline the functions of animal cells structures.
plasma membrane: controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell
cytoplasm: site of all metabolic reactions.
Mitochondria: site of cellular respiration
80S Ribosomes: sites of protein synthesis.
Nucleus: Controls all the activities of the cell, as well as the reproduction of unicellular organisms.
Nucleolus: Part of the nucleus which is involved in the production of ribosomes.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: Responsible for producing and storing lipids, including steroids.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Transports the protein produced by the ribosomes on its surface to the Golgi apparatus.
Golgi apparatus: Processes and packages proteins, which are ultimately released in Golgi vesicles.
Lysosomes: destruction of microbes engulfed by white blood cells,
Centrioles: nuclear division by helping to establish the microtubules.
Vacuole:osmotic balance of the cell and in the storage of substances
which 4 structues do plant cells not have in similar with animal cells?
lysosomes, centrioles, cell wall, and chloroplast.
outline the fucntion of chloroplasts and cell wall?
Cell wall (absent from animal cells): Protects the cell, maintains its shape and prevents it from bursting in hypotonic media.
chloroplasts (absent from animal cells): contain pigments (in this case mainly chlorophyll) and are responsible for photosynthesis.
outline the steps to binary fission
- prepare for division
- dna replication: is semi conservative and depends on complementary base pairs.
- the two dna molecules attach to different part of cell membrane. cell builds more membrane and elongates.
- pinching in : furrow in cell edge
- division of cell into two daughter cells.
Draw the ultrastructure of E.coli
see notion
Draw a labeled diagram of a palisade cell from the leaf mesophyll.
Describe the function of the following structures cell wall, plasma membrane, chloroplasts, vacuole, nucleus, and mitochondria.
see notion
State the function of an exocrine gland cell. plus its structural features
synthesize substances for secretion out of the cell ex. liver and pancreas
plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum.
Define amphipathic and outline the amphipathic properties of phospholipids.
single molecule that contains both hydrophillic and hydrophonic parts.
Describe the structural placement of cholesterol within the cell membrane.
higgh temp: reduces fluidity
low temp: increases fluidity.
which is accepted as one of the best models of the cell membrane to date
fluid mosaic model, proposed by Singer and Nicolson
list 4 membrane bound proteins
Channel (passively no ATP used) ex. potassium channel. Carriers (ATP needed + when shape must change they are called protein pumps) ex. fructose transporter. Receptors (binds to specifc chemical signals) ex. Ach receptor. Enzymes (catalyze reactions) ex. ATP synthase
What is evidence for endosymbiosis?
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts:
Have double membranes, as expected for cells taken in by endocytosis.
Have circular naked DNA, as in prokaryotes.
DNA is formed as single chromosomes.
Have 70S ribosomes, as in prokaryotes.
Divide by binary fission like prokaryotic cells.
Are susceptible to some antibiotics.
