molecules to metabolism 2.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define “molecular biology.”

A

Molecular biology is a field of study that focuses on investigating biological activity at a molecular level

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2
Q

List the four major classes of carbon compounds used by living organisms.

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

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3
Q

Compare the benefits of a reductionist vs. systems approach to studying biology.

A

Reduction = study of individual components
Systems = studies parts of the system in consideration of the whole.

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4
Q

Define catalysis.

A

the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst.

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5
Q

State the role of enzymes in metabolism.

A

catayze reactions by speeding up the rate of reaction by lowering the activiation enrergy.

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6
Q

Define anabolism, monomer and polymer.

A

anabolism: simple molecules can be bound otgerther to form bigger molecules via condensation reaction.
monomer: single unit of a compound
polymer: multiple monomers

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7
Q

Describe condensation (dehydration synthesis) reactions.

A

A chemical reaction where two monomers combine to form a polymer with the formation of water.

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8
Q

Using simple shapes to represent monomers, diagram a condensation reaction.

A

see notion

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9
Q

Define catabolism.

A

The breakdown of large molecules (polymers) into smaller subunits. (monomers) via hydrolysis

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10
Q

Describe hydrolysis reactions.

A

A chemical reaction where a polymer breaks apart into smaller subunits. The addition of water is used to break bonds.

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11
Q

Using simple shapes to represent monomers, diagram a hydrolysis reaction.

A

see notion

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12
Q

Draw the molecular structure of urea.

A

see notion

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13
Q

Draw the molecular diagram of ribose, alpha-glucose, a saturated fatty acid.

A

see notion

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14
Q

Identify the carboxyl and methyl groups on a fatty acid.

A

see notion

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15
Q

Draw the generalized structure of an amino acid. Label the amine group, carboxyl group, alpha carbon and R group on an amino acid.

A

see notion

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16
Q

Identify the four major classes of carbon compounds used by living organisms from given diagrams (examples will include D-ribose, alpha glucose, beta glucose, trigylcerides, phospholipids and steroids).

A

see notion

17
Q

State the generalized chemical formula of the carbohydrates.

A

(CH2O)n

18
Q

Identify the following carbohydrates from molecular drawings: cellulose, glycogen, amylose starch and amylopectin starch.

A

see notion

19
Q

Compare the relative amount of oxygen atoms in lipids to the amount in carbohydrates.

A

in carbohydrates there is 1: 2 ratio of oxygen to hydrogen. ex. suagr, starch, cellulose.
Lipids have fewer oxygen compared to carbs.

20
Q

Identify the following lipids from molecular drawings: triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids.​

A

see notion

21
Q

Define vitalism.

A

A theory that organic molecules could only be synthesised by living things. It was believed that living things possessed a certain “vital force” needed to make organic molecules

22
Q

Explain the role of urea in the falsification of vitalism.

A

The artificial synthesis of urea demonstrates that organic molecules are not fundamentally different to inorganic molecules

23
Q

Describe how urea can be synthesized by living and artificial mechanisms.

A

In humans, the liver converts ammonia (NH3) to urea which is excreted from the body via the kidneys.

24
Q

outline the difference between glycogen, amylose and amylopectin?

A

amyolse forms single long chain (linear)
amylopectin branches out.
glyocogen is usualyy larger than amylopectin and is more branched.
starch is composed of amyolse and amylopectin whereas glucose is used as sugar.