Unit 1: Chemistry of Life and The Scientific Method

Question 1

Inquiry

Answer 1

to ask for information or investigate something

Question 2

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 2

method of drawing conclusions by going from the specific to the general

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

idea that proposes a tentative explanation of a phenomenon

Question 4

Experiment

Answer 4

procedure done in a controlled environment for the purpose of gathering observations and data

Question 5

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 5

form of logical thinking that uses a general principle or law to forecast specific results

Question 6

Controlled Experiment

Answer 6

scientific test done under controlled conditions, meaning that just one or a few factors are changed at a time

Question 7

Variables

Answer 7

any characteristic, which varies from individual to individual

Question 8

Independent Variable

Answer 8

the variable that is altered during a scientific experiment

Question 9

Dependent Variable

Answer 9

what you measure in an experiment and what is affected during the experiment

Question 10

Theory

Answer 10

carefully thought out explanation for observations of the natural world and constructed using the scientific method

Question 11

Law

Answer 11

statement that describes an observable occurrence in nature that appears to always be true

Question 12

Principle

Answer 12

fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of beliefs or for a chain of reasoning

Question 13

Matter

Answer 13

something that occupies space and has mass

Question 14

Elements

Answer 14

a substance whose atoms all have the same number of protons

Question 15

Compounds

Answer 15

a unique substance that consists of two or more elements combined in fixed proportions

Question 16

Essential Elements

Answer 16

chemical needed in large amounts

Question 17

Trace Elements

Answer 17

chemical needed in smaller amounts

Question 18

Neutron

Answer 18

neutral atom particle

Question 19

Proton

Answer 19

a subatomic particle with a positive electric charge

Question 20

Atomic Nucleus

Answer 20

the spherical center of an atom

Question 21

Electron

Answer 21

a negatively charged subatomic particle that can be bound or not bound

Question 22

Atomic Number

Answer 22

the number of protons in a nucleus

Question 23

Mass Number

Answer 23

the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom

Question 24

Atomic Mass

Answer 24

the total mass of particles of matter in an atom

Question 25

Isotopes

Answer 25

atoms of the same element that contain an identical number of protons, but a different number of neutrons

Question 26

Radioactive Isotope

Answer 26

atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus

Question 27

Electron Shells

Answer 27

the outside part of an atom around the atomic nucleus

Question 28

Valence Electrons

Answer 28

the electrons in the outermost shell, or energy level, of an atom

Question 29

Chemical Bonds

Answer 29

a force of attraction between atoms or ions

Question 30

Covalent Bond

Answer 30

a chemical link between two atoms where electron pairs are shared

Question 31

Single Bond

Answer 31

a chemical bond in which one pair of electrons is shared by two atoms in a molecule and that is usually represented in chemical formulas by a single line

Question 32

Double Bond

Answer 32

occurs when two atoms share two sets of electrons

Question 33

Valence

Answer 33

the relative capability of a substance to act upon, react, or bind with a biological substrate

Question 34

Electronegativity

Answer 34

a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons toward itself

Question 35

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 35

type of bond that occurs when two atoms share a pair of electrons with eachother

Question 36

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 36

a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms

Question 37

Ionic Bond

Answer 37

type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound

Question 38

Ion

Answer 38

an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge

Question 39

Cation

Answer 39

ion with a positive charge

Question 40

Anion

Answer 40

ion with a negative charge has more electrons than protons

Question 41

Ionic Compound

Answer 41

compounds made up of ions that form charged particles when an atom gains or loses electrons

Question 42

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 42

electromagnetic attraction is created between a positively charged atom to an electronegative atom

Question 43

Van Der Waal Interaction

Answer 43

a weak force of attraction between electrically neutral molecules that collide with or pass very close to each other

Question 44

Reactants

Answer 44

the substances which participate in a chemical reaction

Question 45

Products

Answer 45

end substances after a biological process has occurred

Question 46

Protein

Answer 46

structures composed of Amino Acids

Question 47

Nucleic Acids

Answer 47

stores and shows genetic information (DNA)

Question 48

Carbohydrates

Answer 48

molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 49

Lipids

Answer 49

move and store energy

Question 50

CHNOPS

Answer 50

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur (make up 98% of living matter on the earth)

Question 51

Amino Acids

Answer 51

structure support within the cell, 20 different types