Unit 1 Chemical Bonding And Materials

Question 1

Heisenberg

Answer 1

Principle of uncertainty

Question 2

Brogile

Answer 2

Theory of electron waves: movement of atoms gets kept inside certain perimeters

Question 3

Planck

Answer 3

Deduced relationship between energy and frequency of radiation
E=uv

Question 4

Einstein

Answer 4

Brownian Movement(random motion of particles in a fluid)
Theory of light: packets of energy and moves like waves

Question 5

Intermolecular forces

Answer 5

Forces of attraction or repulsion between neighbour particles
Weaker than intramolecular

Question 6

Three types of intermolecular forces:

Answer 6

Van der Waals-attract uncharged molecules
Ionic crystal-atoms held together with ionic bonds(metals give nonmetals take) usually solid with high melting point ex. Salt
Network Covalent Bonding-atoms held together by covalent bonds in repeating lattice, have high melting/boiling points & are insoluble in water ex. Diamonds

Question 7

List and describe the 4 Van der Waal forces:

Answer 7

London Dispersion forces- temporary attractive force when 2 atoms beside one another occupy positions that set up a temporary dipole
Dipole-dipole forces- attraction between +part of polar molecule and - part of polar molecule, only works when mol. Are very close together
Hydrogen bonding- attraction btwn mols. & hydrogen atom, covalent oh bonded to electro-v atom(N, O, F) is attracted to another electro- atm ion-Dipole forces: between ion & neutral molecule that has a dipole

Question 8

Van der Waal forces strongest to weakest:

Answer 8

Ionic
Hydrogen bonding
Dipole- Dipole
London Dispersion

Question 9

Intramolecular

Answer 9

Stronger than intermolecular

Question 10

4 Types of intramolecular bonds:

Answer 10

Non-polar Covalent bonds- 2 no metals sharing e-, atoms have same electro-y equal sharing of bonded e- pairs
Polar covalent bonds- unequal sharing of bonded e- pairs due to varying electro-ys
Ionic bonds- metal & nonmetal come together, valence e- transferred from one ion to another forming anion(-ve ion) & a cation
Metallic Bonds- valence e- shared with many other atoms

Question 11

Boiling point increases or decreases with an increase in carbons?

Answer 11

Increases

Question 12

Branching increases or decreases boiling point?

Answer 12

Decreases

Question 13

What is an organic compound?

Answer 13

Large class chemical compounds when se molecules contain carbon (not carbon dioxide CO2 or carbonates CO3)

Question 14

Ane
Ene
Yne

Answer 14

Single bonds
Double bonds
Triple bonds

Question 15

Alkyl groups

Answer 15

Methyl- CH3 (1 carbon)
Ethyl- CH3 CH2 (2 carbon)

Ex. Prop = 3

Question 16

Isomerization

Answer 16

Process where one material turned to another with same # & type of atom with diff. Configuration

Question 17

Two types of isomerization:

Answer 17

Geometric- occur where double bond

Optical- mirror image, carbo with 4 substituents attached, changes direction of light rays

Question 18

Cis-Isomers vs. Trans-Isomers

Answer 18

On same side, higher boiling points

Across, higher melting points

Question 19

Items isomerization is used for:

Answer 19

Sunglasses

Solar energy

Question 20

Types of Hydrocarbons(7):

Answer 20

Cyclics 
Aromatics
Alcohols
Esters
Ethers
Ketones
Aldehydes
Organic Acids
Halocarbons

Question 21

Two items we use that require a functional group:

Answer 21

Nail polish remover(acetone)

Mothballs

Question 22

Fossil fuels:

Answer 22

Formed from remains of dead organic material (coal, oil, natural gas),combustible, used to make energy

Question 23

Two items made from fossil fuels

Answer 23

Floor wax

Perfumes

Question 24

Polymerization

Answer 24

Process in which two or more molecules are chemically combined to form larger molecules with repeating structural units( polymers from monomers) ex. Nylon, silk, wool, Teflon, DNA