Unit 1) Chem Review Flashcards
What did jj Thomson do
-He discovered electrons by using cathode rays to determine negatively charged object
What did bohr do
He proposed electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom in fixed energy levels
that can only hold so many electrons
What did Dalton do
law of conservation of mass-
concluded all atoms can’t be made or destroyed
When you take away Atomic number from mass number what does it give you
Neutrons
Atomic number is equal to______
Protons
Protons + neutrons =________
Mass number
What are the 7 types of elements on the periodic table
Alkali metals
Alkali earth metals
Metals
Non metals
Metalloids
Noble gases
Halogens
When drawing bohr diagrams how much can each level hold
1- 2
2- 8
3- 8
In molecular compounds do they give electrons
No on molecular compounds each element shares their own
Steps for naming molecular compounds
1) name elements in formula
2) use prefixes for charges (if the 1st elements is 1 then don’t write mono)
3)change ending to ide
4 diffrent types of compounds
Molecular
Ionic
Multivalent
Polyatomic
what ions ends in ate or ite
polyatiomic ions
what does (aq) mean
dissolved in water
what do acids have a ph of
below 7
when naming acids and it ends in ide what prefix does it go to / would you keep the hydo prefix
it would be ic and you would keep prefix
when naming acids and it ends in ate what prefix does it go to / would you keep the hydo prefix
it would be ic aswell and you wouldnt keep the hydro prefix
when naming acids and it ends in ite what prefix does it go to / would you keep the hydo prefix
it goes to ous and you wouldnt keep hydro prefix
all acids are what state of matter?
(aq)
do acids/bases conduct electricity
yes
do ionic and molecular conduct electicity
only ionic when (aq)
molecular can never
what do all bases have
(OH) - hydroxide are found in all bases
do molecular/ionic melt quick
molecular melts quick and ionic melts slow
what ph are bases
over 7
with acids what color do litmas paper turn, bromothymol blue turn,and phenothalein turn
litmas-red
bromothymol blue-yellow
phenothalein- clear
with bases what color do litmas paper turn, bromothymol blue turn,and phenothalein turn
litmas- blue
bromothymol blue- blue
phenothalein- pink
chem properties def
a chemical reaction takes place to form a new product
physical properties def
the physical characteristics of something with no new chem product
anything with nitrate is what state of matter
(aq)
exothermic def
hot giving away heat
endothermic def
cold absorbing heat
physical or chem properties: state of matter/ melting and boiling points
it is physical because no reaction is happening to change the chem dna
chem or physical: ability to rust
it is a chemical property
on the periodic table state of matter represents black grey and white
black - liquid
white-solid
grey -gas
how many diatomic elements are there
7
how many chem reactions are there
5
formation
decomposition
single replacement
double replaecment
hydrocarbon combustion
When looking at the solubility table do you look for the anion first or the cation
You fist look for the anion across the top then look for the positive ion (cation)
When balancing equations when nothing is after elements what does that stand for
It stands for the element being equal to 1
what type of reaction is x+y—->xy
formation
what type of reaction is xy—–>x+y
decomposition
what type of reaction is
a+bx——>ax+b or
ax+y——>ay+x
single replacement
what type of reaction is
ab+cd——>cb+ad
double replacement
what type of reaction is
c, H (02)——>co+h20
hydrocarbon combustion
What chem reaction has two compounds
double replacement
What chem reaction has 1 elements and 2 compounds
single replacement
What chem reaction has two elements
formation
what order do you use to solve hydrocarbon combustion
1)carbon
2) hydro
3) oxygen
how do you find valance electrons
by looking at group number if the group number is in teens than its the last digit
example) cesium (group 1 ) = 1 valance electrons
why do ionic compounds have high melting points
because the bonds are stronger between negative and positive because they attract better
why are molecular compounds not electrolytic
because they are weak and ionize only slightly or not at all
what is nucular notion
shows element symbol with mass number on the top left and atomic on the bottem left
what is the heaviest halogen
astatine
isotopes have same number of what and different what
same number of protons different number of neutrons
ernest rusherford found out what
nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons
what way are the periods on the periodic table side to side or up and down?
side to side group number is up and down
how do you make a Lewis dot diagram
1) find group number if in teens then use 2nd number
2) put dots around going right
crystal lattice def
ions/ ionic compounds arranged in repeating patterns called crystal lattice
malleable def
can be shaped by pressure
ductile def
can be stretched into a wire
how to find how many energy levels are needed in bohr diagrams
period number = energy levels
what do group numbers represent in bohr diagrams
the group number represents how many electrons are on the outer level
isotopes have the same number of what and different number of what
same number of protons different number of neutrons
Covalent meaning
It means sharing
when drawing a diagram for a element ion what extra steps do you take
find out if non metal ( gains) or metal (losses)
then look at number with element bellow to determine how much electrons are being gained/lost
metal + polyatiomic is it ionic or molecular
ionic
what happens when you litmus test ionic and molecular
stays the same color
when a element ends with number it stands for what
ex flourine-21
mass number and you need to sub protons to get your new neutrons
what theory did dalton come up with
the dalton ball theory
who came up with cathode rays
jj thomson
who came up with alpha particals
ernest rutherford
what do you look at to find the heavier element
the mass number
isotopes have same atomic number and what else
same protons
isotopes have difference numbers of neutrons and what else
different mass number
how to tell if a element is neutral
same protons and electrons ( not an ion )
Diffrence between ion and isotopes
Ion is same number of protons with the electrons varying and isotopes are same number of protons diffrent neutrons
what are traits of ionic compounds
-solid at room temp
-high melting points
-don’t conduct as solids
-when melted or dissolved they can conduct electricity
what are traits of molecular compounds
-solids, liquid or gas at room temp
-low melting points
-don’t conduct as solids
-when melted/dissolved cant conduct electricity
what are traits of an acid
-corrosive
-conducts
-less than 7 ph
-reacts with metals
what are traits of bases
-corrosive
-conducts electricity
-over ph 7
