Unit 1: Chapter 5 Part 3 Cell Biology of Bacteria and Eukaryotes (Eukaryotes ONLY)

Question 1

What is the endomembrane system from inner to outer?

Answer 1

Outer membrane of the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Vesicles then can direct it to the lysosome or plasma membrane

Question 2

What is the largest organelle in eukaryotes?

Answer 2

Nucelus

Question 3

The nucleus is a double membrane organelle that’s main function is

Answer 3

to store DNA

Question 4

Function of the nucleolus

Answer 4

It is where ribosomes are made which are then sent to the cytoplasm

Question 5

Function of the rough ER

Answer 5

Is rough due to the ribosomes on top
Helps the folding of the proteins

Question 6

Function of the smooth ER

Answer 6

Continuous with the rough Er
Main function is to make lipids and hormones; detoxification

Question 7

How are proteins transported to the golgi apparatus?

Answer 7

Through vesicles

Question 8

Function of the golgi apparatus

Answer 8

This is like the post office
Transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery for targeted destinations

Question 9

What is exocytosis?

Answer 9

Exporting contents out of the cell
Vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and exits the cell

Question 10

What is endocytosis?

Answer 10

Import contents into the cell

Question 11

Function of Mitochondria

Answer 11

ATP; Powerhouse of the cell
Electron Transport Chain

Double membrane matrix closed by inner membrane

Question 12

Function of Chloroplast

Answer 12

Double membrane
Contains thylakoids for photosynthesis
Convert light energy to chemical energy through photosynthetic process

Question 13

Which two organelles are called endosymbiosis and why?

Answer 13

The mitochondria and the chloroplast because they both posses their own nucleic acids and there membranes are like prokaryotes

Question 14

Function of Flagella

Answer 14

Tend to be at the ends of the cell
Long and 1-2 of them
Helps with cell movement

Question 15

Function of Cilia

Answer 15

Small, short, and all around the cell
Helps with movement
Can be used to capture food

Question 16

Function of cytoskeleton

Answer 16

Helps with the shape of the cell

Question 17

What proteins determine the shape of the cell?

Answer 17

Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Microfilaments/ Actin Filament

Question 18

Function of micro/actin filament

Answer 18

Allow for contraction and relaxation
Two actin polymers twist together powered by ATP hydrolysis

Question 19

Function of intermediate filaments

Answer 19

Help maintain the cell shape and strengthen the cell bu resisting tension placed on the cell membrane; structure

Question 20

Function of microtubules

Answer 20

Help transport substances within the cell
Provide tracks that can move vesicles from one organelle to the next

Question 21

In what fashion does an eukaryote cell move?

Answer 21

Whiplike

Question 22

How is the movement of a eukaryotic cell powered?

Answer 22

Through ATP hydrolysis