Unit 1, Chapter 4

Question 1

organic chemistry

Answer 1

the study of carbon compounds (organic compounds)

Question 2

valence

Answer 2

the bonding capacity of a given atom; the number of covalent bonds that an atom can form, which usually equals the number of unpaired electrons in its outermost (valence) shell

Question 3

hydrocarbons

Answer 3

an organic molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

isomer

Answer 4

one of two or more compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties

Question 5

structural isomers

Answer 5

one of two or more compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms

Question 6

cis-trans isomers

Answer 6

one of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent bonds between atoms but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds; formerly called a geometric isomer

Question 7

enantiomer

Answer 7

one of two compounds that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon

Question 8

functional group

Answer 8

a specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions

Question 9

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 9

an adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. this energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells