Unit 1 chapter 2 central nervous system- spinal cord Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of neurons make up the spinal cord?

A

interneurons

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2
Q

what protects the spinal cord?

A

is protected by the vertebral column and CSF cerebrospinal fluid

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3
Q

what is the gray matter of the spinal cord?

A

nerve cell bodies arranged in a butterfly shape with anterior and posterior “horns”

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4
Q

dorsal root of spinal nerve?

A

carries afferent (sensory) information

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5
Q

ventral root of spinal nerve?

A

This structure contains the cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons that innervate the skeletal muscles.

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6
Q

what is the white matter of the spinal cord?

A

White matter in the spinal cord is sometimes called superficial tissue because it is located in the outer regions of the brain and spinal cord.

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7
Q

what is a reflex?

A

a reflex is a rapid, involuntary, stereotyped pattern of response brought by a sensory stimulus
-an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought.

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8
Q

what is a reflex arc?

A

a neural pathway mediating the reflex actions is called a reflex arc
- Involuntary response to an external stimulus. Direct connection between sensory and motor neuron without connection to brain

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9
Q

What does the central nervous system control?

A

receives and sends information from receptors (sensory nervous) to effectors (motor neurons) via association neurons.
-receives, processes, stores, and transfers information

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10
Q

What is somatic Peripheral nervous system and what does it control?

A

the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles
- e.g running, and the act of feeling
- brings external hemostasis moving skeletal muscles

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11
Q

What is the autonomic peripheral nervous system and what does it control?

A

the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.
- involuntary, subconscious actions
- brings internal homeostasis
- involves smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands
- dominant NT is norepinephrine
e.g digestion, Blood pressure

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12
Q

What is the autonomic peripheral nervous system and what does it control?

A

the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.
- involuntary, subconscious actions
- brings internal homeostasis
- involves smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands
- dominant NT is norepinephrine
e.g digestion, Blood pressure

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13
Q

What is parasymphatic atomic peripheral NS?

A

-the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
-controls feed and breed response (or relax and repair responses)
- decreases actions therefore negative feedback system
- creates stability and homeostasis
-e.g HR decreases, BP decreases, metabolism decreases

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14
Q

What is sympathetic autonomic peripheral ?

A

(flight or fight) automatic we can’t control it: increased heart rate, dilation of pupils, bronchodilation, and vasoconstriction
- increases actions, therefore positive feedback system
- creates instability (can lead to nervous breakdown)
- HR increases
- BR increases

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15
Q

What is cerebrospinal fluid? (CSF)

A

The fluid allows the brain to be buoyant protecting them from blows or other trauma
- CSF is made by “holes” in the brain and contain useful lens, water and molecules

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16
Q

What is the meninges of the brain?

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
- three layers membranes that completely surrounds the brain and spinal cord offering further protection and organization

17
Q

difference between the left and right hemisphere?

A

the difference sides of the cerebrum do different things for the opposite sides of the body the RH controls imagination, 3-D forms (arts) the LH controls the numbering skills (maths), logic

18
Q

what are the four lobes of the brain?

A
  1. FRONTAL LOBE
  2. PARIETAL
  3. OCCIPITAL
  4. TEMPORAL
19
Q

what does the frontal lobe control of the brain?

A

involved in motor function: problem solving, memory, judgment, impulse control
- speaking intellect and conscious thought
personality and emotions

20
Q

What does the Pariental Lobe control?

A

involved in processing sensory information, specifically touch
- perception of pressure and pain
- touch, taste, temp/skin

21
Q

What does the occipital lobe control?

A

vision

22
Q

What does temporal lobe control?

A

hearing and smell

23
Q

What are all the nine labeled parts of the brain?

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. corpus callosum
  3. Thalamus
  4. Spinal cord
  5. Cerebellum
  6. Medulla oblongata
  7. pons
  8. pituitary gland
  9. hypothalamus
24
Q

What is cerebrum ?

A

Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.

25
Q

corpus callosum

A

A thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them.
- connects the left and right side of hemisphere

26
Q

What is thalamus?

A

the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

27
Q

spinal cord?

A

Nerves that run up and down the length of the back and transmit most messages between the body and brain

28
Q

what is the cerebellum?

A

the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
- hand eye coordination regulates fine motor movements

29
Q

role of medulla oblongata ?

A

Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion, swallowing, vomiting

30
Q

what is pons in the brain?

A

Management of sleep, arousal, and facial expressions.
- connecting lower brain to upper

31
Q

pituitary gland function in the brain and what it does?

A

The endocrine system’s most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
- “master gland” controls most other endocrine glands

32
Q

What is the hypothalamus ?

A

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.