Unit 1- Biology Revision Flashcards
Define ADH hormone
ADH is a hormone that is produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. ADH acts on the kidneys to control the amount of water excreted in the urine.
Define Biomimicry
a developing discipline that is increasingly a ecting human life through the development of new designs and products
Define counter current exchange
situation in which two uid systems owing adjacent to each other, but in opposite directions, enables the transfer of heat or compounds from one system to the other by difusion
Define type 1 diabetes
a condition that results when the
homeostatic mechanisms that regulate blood glucose levels fail when insulin production fails, characterised by a blood glucose level that is higher than normal
Define type 2 diabetes
a condition that results when insulin is produced but the homeostatic mechanisms that regulate blood glucose levels fail
Define dormancy
condition of inactivity resulting from extreme lowering of metabolic rate in an organism
Define ectothermic
organism whose body temperature is
governed by external sources of heat
Define endothermic
organism whose body heat is generated from internal metabolic sources
Evaporative cooling
reduction in temperature resulting from the evaporation of a liquid, which removes latent heat from the surface from which evaporation takes place. This process is employed in industrial and domestic cooling systems, and is also the physical basis of sweating.
Define glucagon
hormone produced by alpha cells of
the pancreas that acts on liver cells resulting in increased release of glucose from the liver cells into the bloodstream
Define glycogen
a polysaccharide that is the storage carbohydrate in liver and muscle tissue
Define homeostasis
condition of a relatively stable internal environment maintained within narrow limits
Define hyperglycaemia
a condition where glucose levels in the blood rise above normal
Define hyperthermia
the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal
Define hyperthyroidism
condition in which there is an overabundance in thyroid hormone production
Define hypoglycaemia
glucose levels in the blood drop below normal
Define hypothermia
condition in which an individual has an extremely low body temperature and is at risk of death
Define Hypothyroidism
condition in which there is a de ciency in thyroid hormone production
Define insulin
hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas that acts to increase the uptake of glucose from the blood by body cells
What is a ‘loop of henle’
section of tubule in a nephron where
urine becomes concentrated by removal of water
Define metabolic rate
The rate at which mot abolish occurs in a living organism
Define negative feedback
Occurs when a response cancels or counteracts the original stimulus
*important in homeostasis
Define osmoregulation
maintenance of constant internal salt and water concentrations in internal uids (homeostasis) in spite of di erent concentrations in the external environment
Define oxytocin
a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the womb during labour and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts.
