Unit 1- Biology Revision

Question 1

Define ADH hormone

Answer 1

ADH is a hormone that is produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. ADH acts on the kidneys to control the amount of water excreted in the urine.

Question 2

Define Biomimicry

Answer 2

a developing discipline that is increasingly a ecting human life through the development of new designs and products

Question 3

Define counter current exchange

Answer 3

situation in which two uid systems owing adjacent to each other, but in opposite directions, enables the transfer of heat or compounds from one system to the other by difusion

Question 4

Define type 1 diabetes

Answer 4

a condition that results when the
homeostatic mechanisms that regulate blood glucose levels fail when insulin production fails, characterised by a blood glucose level that is higher than normal

Question 5

Define type 2 diabetes

Answer 5

a condition that results when insulin is produced but the homeostatic mechanisms that regulate blood glucose levels fail

Question 6

Define dormancy

Answer 6

condition of inactivity resulting from extreme lowering of metabolic rate in an organism

Question 7

Define ectothermic

Answer 7

organism whose body temperature is
governed by external sources of heat

Question 8

Define endothermic

Answer 8

organism whose body heat is generated from internal metabolic sources

Question 9

Evaporative cooling

Answer 9

reduction in temperature resulting from the evaporation of a liquid, which removes latent heat from the surface from which evaporation takes place. This process is employed in industrial and domestic cooling systems, and is also the physical basis of sweating.

Question 10

Define glucagon

Answer 10

hormone produced by alpha cells of
the pancreas that acts on liver cells resulting in increased release of glucose from the liver cells into the bloodstream

Question 11

Define glycogen

Answer 11

a polysaccharide that is the storage carbohydrate in liver and muscle tissue

Question 12

Define homeostasis

Answer 12

condition of a relatively stable internal environment maintained within narrow limits

Question 13

Define hyperglycaemia

Answer 13

a condition where glucose levels in the blood rise above normal

Question 14

Define hyperthermia

Answer 14

the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal

Question 15

Define hyperthyroidism

Answer 15

condition in which there is an overabundance in thyroid hormone production

Question 16

Define hypoglycaemia

Answer 16

glucose levels in the blood drop below normal

Question 17

Define hypothermia

Answer 17

condition in which an individual has an extremely low body temperature and is at risk of death

Question 18

Define Hypothyroidism

Answer 18

condition in which there is a de ciency in thyroid hormone production

Question 19

Define insulin

Answer 19

hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas that acts to increase the uptake of glucose from the blood by body cells

Question 20

What is a ‘loop of henle’

Answer 20

section of tubule in a nephron where
urine becomes concentrated by removal of water

Question 21

Define metabolic rate

Answer 21

The rate at which mot abolish occurs in a living organism

Question 22

Define negative feedback

Answer 22

Occurs when a response cancels or counteracts the original stimulus
*important in homeostasis

Question 23

Define osmoregulation

Answer 23

maintenance of constant internal salt and water concentrations in internal uids (homeostasis) in spite of di erent concentrations in the external environment

Question 24

Define oxytocin

Answer 24

a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the womb during labour and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts.

Question 25

Define piloerection

Answer 25

involuntary erection or bristling of hairs due to a sympathetic reflex usually triggered by cold, shock, or fright or due to a sympathomimetic agent.

Question 26

Define positive feedback

Answer 26

.

Question 27

Define thermoregulation

Answer 27

Thermoregulation is the process that allows the human body to maintain its core internal temperature. The state of having an even internal temperature is called homeostasis.Jun 4, 2

Question 28

Define tolerance range

Answer 28

extent of variation in an environmental factor within which a particular species can survive

Question 29

Define vasoconstriction

Answer 29

the constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure.

Question 30

Define vasodilation

Answer 30

the dilatation of blood vessels, which decreases blood pressure.

Question 31

Define adaptation

Answer 31

An adaptation is a genetically controlled structural, behavioural or physiological feature that enhances the survival of an organism in particular environmental conditions.