Meiosis And Mitosis Flashcards
Define mitosis
Process involved in the production of new cells genetically identical with the original cell; an essential process in asexual reproduction.
What are the different stages of mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What are the stages of the cell cycle??
Mitosis- prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Cytokinesis G1- cell grows S- DNA replication G2- rapid growth and metabolic changes
What is interphase?
In the mitosis cell cycle, period of cell growth and DNA synthesis
Asexual reproduction meaning
Method of producing offspring that does not involve the fusion of different gametes, for example, binary fission.
What are the forms of asexual reproduction?
Binary fission
Fragmentation
Budding
What is binary fission?
Where a cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are identical
What is fragmentation??
When a part of an animal breaks off to form a new animal
Eg. Starfish
What is budding??
When part of a plant breaks off to form a new one - outgrowth
Advantages of asexual reproduction
- population growth can occur very rapidly
- the reproductive system is small with not many steps
- the steps are more simple as organisms are copies of parents
Disadvantages of asexual reproduction
- it does not create any genetic variation in a population because the o spring of each parent are genetically identical clones of that parent.
- no evolution occurs as the daughter cell is an exact copy of the parent
- if under threat, the whole species can die off as they can’t evolve
Define meiosis
process of cell division that results in the production of new cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell
Prophase
1st stage of mitosis - chromatid condenses
Metaphase
2nd stage of mitosis- stage of mitosis during which chromosomes align around the equator of a spindle
Anaphase
3rd stage of mitosis- stage of mitosis during which single-stranded chromosomes move to opposite poles of the spindle fibre within a cell (move away from each other)
