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Applied Science > Unit 1 biology > Flashcards

Unit 1 biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A eukaryotic cell is?

A

A cell with a nucleus

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2
Q

A prokaryotic cell is?

A

A cell with no nucleus

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3
Q

The first person to describe cells was?

A

Robert Hooke

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4
Q

Electron microscopes have?

A

A high magnification

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5
Q

The resolution is?

A

Distinguishing between 2 objects close together

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6
Q

Calculate the magnification if image size = 50mm and actual size = 400um

A
  • x125

- 125x

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7
Q

Calculate the magnification if image size = 250mm and actual size = 100um

A
  • x2500

- 2500x

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8
Q

Calculate the image size if the actual size = 25um and magnification = x400

A

10000um

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9
Q

What is the role of the Nucleolus?

A

Makes ribosomes

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10
Q

What is the role of the Lysosomes?

A

Breaks down waste materials

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11
Q

If bacteria appear pink under the microscope after gram staining, they are…?

A

Gram negative

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12
Q

Palisade mesophyll cells contain lots of?

A

Chloroplasts

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13
Q

Sperm cells have this in their head to pierce the egg cell

A

Acrosome

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14
Q

The outer protective layer of the egg cell is known as the?

A

Zona pelluccida

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15
Q

Endothelial tissue is found in the?

A

Blood vessels

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16
Q

Atheromas can be formed in?

A

Endothelial tissue

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17
Q

What is Acetylcholinesterase

A

A type of enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters

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18
Q

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

A
  • A multicellular organism
  • It contains a nucleus
  • It is found in humans and is bigger than prokaryotic cells
  • It is also complex
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19
Q

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

A
  • A single cell organism
  • It doesn’t contain a nucleus
  • It is found in animals mainly and is smaller than Eukaryotic cells
  • It isn’t that complex
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20
Q

How can atherosclerosis develop?

A

Fatty deposits build up in the arteries

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21
Q

What are cilia

A

They are small hairs on the columnar epithelial tissue which sweep away dust

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22
Q

Name the ribosome found in bacteria?

A
  • 70s

- 80s

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23
Q

How does the ultra structure of a bacterium capsule prevent dehydration?

A

It selectively stops water from leaving the capsule.

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24
Q

What damage can smoking cause

A

Damage to the squamous epithelial tissue

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25
Q

What is the function of the neutrophil cell

A

Immune response

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26
Q

What is gram staining

A

To identify bacteria as gram negative or positive

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27
Q

What is the role of the plasmodesmata

A

Enables transport and communication between plant cells

28
Q

Function of the Golgi apparatus

A

To modify and package proteins and send them to specific destinations

29
Q

Red blood cells are adapted by?

A

Having bioconcaves to increase their surface area and they have no nucleus which helps haemoglobin

30
Q

When and by how was the first cell discovered by?

A

Robert Hooke in 1665

31
Q

Name the 5 SI units

A
  • Metre
  • Centimetre
  • Millimetre
  • Micrometre
  • Nanometre
32
Q

What is in the mitochondria

A

A matrix
A Cristae
And an outer membrane

33
Q

What is in the nucleus

A

Nuclear envolope
Nucleolus
Nucleus pores
Chromosomes

34
Q

The chloroplast envelope contains?

A

Grana which are stacks of disks and are connected by intergranal thylathoids

35
Q

What is a nucleoid

A

Has DNA and controls the information of the cell

36
Q

Plasmamembrane

A

Controls if anything enters or exits the cell

37
Q

Capsule

A

Contains the cell itself and provides strength

38
Q

Cell wall

A

Gives strength and maintains stability of the stucture

39
Q

Flagella

A

Allows the cells to swim

40
Q

Pilus

A

Attaches itself to another cell probably a body cell

41
Q

Ribosome

A

They make protein within the cells

42
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Contains enzymes and is the site of reactions

43
Q

4 words to help remember the order for gram staining

A 
Come 
-crystal violet
In 
-iodine
And 
-alcohol
Stain
-safranin
44
Q

What are long bones

A
  • They are hard and dense

- They provide structure support and mobility

45
Q

What are short bones?

A
  • They are as wide as they are long

- They support and stabilise but with little or no movement

46
Q

What are flat bones?

A
  • They provide protection of surfaces

- They are found in flat plates

47
Q

What are Irregular bones?

A
  • protection of nervous tissue

- provides support

48
Q

What are sesamoid bones?

A
  • small and round

- related to joint structures

49
Q

Globlet cells?

A

They help to protect the lungs by producing mucus and attaching or trapping pathogens that are attacking the body

50
Q

The order of the organ system

A
  • Cells
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • System
51
Q

What is the role of the cytoplasm?

A

Reactions take place

52
Q

What is the role of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Packages proteins

53
Q

What is the role of the Nucleolus?

A

Makes ribosomes

54
Q

What is the role of the Centrioles?

A

Form spindle fibres

55
Q

What is the role of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Synthesises lipids and carbohydrates

56
Q

What is the role of the Lysosomes?

A

Breaks down waste materials

57
Q

If bacteria appear pink under the microscope after gram staining, they are?

A

Gram negative

58
Q

Atheromas can be formed in?

A

Endothelial tissue

59
Q

During muscle contraction, the A band?

A

Stays the same length

60
Q

During muscle contraction, the H zone?

A

Gets shorter

61
Q

During muscle contraction, the I band?

A

Gets shorter

62
Q

What is the membrane potential when a neuron is resting?

A

-70

63
Q

What is the membrane potential when a neuron reaches an action potential?

A

-30

64
Q

What happens during depolarisation?

A

Sodium channels open to allow sodium in

65
Q

What happens during repolarisation?

A

Potassium channels open to allow potassium out

66
Q

What is the refractory period?

A

Membrane potential does not reach an action potential

67
Q

End of the synapse?

A

Postsynaptic knob

Applied Science (6 decks)

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