Respiratory System Flashcards
Trachea
The tube that runs from your mouth down the front of your chest to connect to the bronchi in the lungs.
Bronchi
Tubes that branch from the trachea into smaller tubes called bronchioles, which carry oxygen into the lungs.
Bronchioles
Tiny tubes branching from the larger bronchi that bring oxygen to alveoli in the lungs.
Alveoli
Small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles, which are the site of gas exchange in the lungs
Pulmonary arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood lacking oxygen from the heart to the lungs.
Capillaries
The smallest blood vessels in the body, which are responsible for gas exchange in cells and at the alveoli.
Pulmonary veins
The blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs back to the heart
List the organs of the Respiratory System
Nose Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs
Define the Function of the Respiratory System
Supplies body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide Provides an airway for respiration Moistens and warms inhaled air Filters and cleans inhaled air Serves as resonating chamber for speech Houses olfactory receptors
Define the Function of the Pharynx
Passageway for air and food
Define the Function of the Larynx
Air passageway
Prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract
Voice production
Define the Function of Surfactant
Reduces surface tension
Prevents the alveoli from collapsing
Asthma
A chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes the airways to spasm and swells periodically so that the airways narrow.
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchial membranes
Carbon dioxide
Odorless, colorless gas formed in the tissues as a waste product, and expelled from the lungs
Diagphram
Separates the thoractic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
Expiration or exhalation
Breathing out
Inspiration or inhalation
Breathing in
Influenza
Highly infectious respiratory disease caused by airborne viral droplets occurring in epidemics
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx
Oxygen
A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas essential to respiration used by all cells of the body
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lung in which air sacs become filled with inflammatory cells and the lung becomes solid. symptoms are cough, chest pain, fever, headache
Tidal volume
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal, resting breath, typically about 500 mL.
Cilia
Hairlike projections that sweep particles towards the throat
Inspiratory reserve volume
Additional amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation.
Vital capacity
Maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.
Expiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume is the amount of extra air above a normal breath.
Residual volume
Amount of air that remains in a person’s lungs after fully exhaling.
Total lung capacity
The maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs.
What reduces surface tension and keeps alveoli from collapsing?
Surfactant.
