Unit 1: Behavioral Development 4

Question 1

Behavioral Development

Answer 1

Personality is a result of interaction between the individual and the environment. Do NOT take into account internal thoughts and feelings.

Question 2

Behavioral theories

Answer 2

Represent systematic application of principles of learning to the analysis & treatment of behaviors. Behaviors determine feelings. GOAL: MODIFY BEHAVIOR.

Question 3

2 Classes of Behavior.

Answer 3

Respondent and Operant

Question 4

Respondent.

Answer 4

Involuntary behavior (anxiety). A stimulus elicits a response.

Question 5

Operant.

Answer 5

Voluntary behavior (walking, talking); controlled by its consequences in the environment.

Question 6

Best known applications of behavior modification:

Answer 6

Sexual dysfunctions, phobic disorders, compulsive behavior (overeating,smoking), and training persons with intellectual disabilities &/or Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Question 7

Behavioral paradigm (model): 
A. Respondent/Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)

Answer 7

• Unconditioned stimuli (meat) ➡️ Unconditioned response (saliva)
• Unconditioned stimuli (meat) + conditioned stimuli (bell) ➡️ Unconditioned response (saliva)
• Conditioned stimuli (bell) ➡️ Conditioned Response (Saliva)

Question 8

Behavioral paradigm (model): 
B.Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner)

Answer 8

Prior events lead behaviors that are followed by consequences.

Question 9

Operant techniques:

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 9

Behavior increases because a negative stimuli is removed.

Remove shocking

Question 10

Operant techniques:

Positive punishment

Answer 10

Presentation of undesirable stimuli following a behavior to decrease that behavior. (Hitting, shocking)
Present shocking following a behavior to decrease/eliminate that behavior.

Question 11

Operant techniques:

Negative punishment

Answer 11

Remove desirable stimuli following a behavior to decrease/eliminate that behavior. (Remove something positive)

Question 12

Specific Behavioral terms:

Aversion therapy

Answer 12

Treatment aimed at reducing attractiveness of a behavior by repeat pairing with an aversive stimuli. (Treating alcoholism with Antabuse)

Question 13

Specific Behavioral terms:

Biofeedback

Answer 13

Teaches a person how to control certain functions such as heart rate, BP, tempt., muscle tension. Used for ADHD & anxiety disorders.

Question 14

Specific Behavioral terms:

Extinction

Answer 14

Withholding a reinforcer that normally follows a behavior. Behavior fails to produce reinforcement will eventually cease.

Question 15

Specific Behavioral terms:

Flooding

Answer 15

Treatment procedure in which a client’s anxiety is extinguished by prolonged real or imagined exposure to high intensity feared stimuli.

Question 16

Specific Behavioral terms:

Shaping

Answer 16

Train new behavior by promoting and reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior.

Question 17

Specific Behavioral terms:

Time out

Answer 17

Removal of something desirable-negative punishment technique.