UNIT 1 - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Smallest particles to biggest organism
Chemical Level Cellular Level Tissue Level Organ Level Organ System Level Organism Level
4 Types of Tissues
Muscle Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Glandular Epithelial Tissue
Primary Job + 2 Types
Primary job is Secretion
Exocrine Gland - secrete either directly or through ducts ( ex. sweat, salivary gland)
Endocrine Gland - ductless and secrete directly into blood stream (ex. hormones)
Mucous Membranes
epithelial tissue that line the passages and cavities that have exposure to the external environment and internal organs
* specialized epithelial cells and produce “MUCUS”, a clear, sticky fluid
3 Types of Muscle Tissue
`1. Skeletal muscles (Voluntary) allow our bodies to move
- Cardiac muscle (heart) (Involuntary)
- Smooth or visceral muscle (Involuntary) - the muscles that moves food along the intestinal tract
Epithelial Tissue
2 Main Kinds
consists of skin. glands, and membranes that line cavities
Glandular Epithelial Tissue
4 Types of Connective Tissue
- Soft Connective Tissue
- Tendons (muscle to bone)
- Ligaments (bone to bone) - Hard Connective Tissue
- Cartilage (dense, translucent, bluish-white elastic tissue) ex. ear and nose)
- Bone (dense connective tissue consisting of bone cells embedded in a matrix of calcified intercellular substance)
Nerve Tissue (3)
Nerve tissue conducts nerve impulses
- brain
- the spinal cord that sends and receives nerve impulses throughout the body
- Neurons
Organic Compounds (3)
- Carbohydrates (sugars and starches)
- Lipids (fats - cholesterol and triglycerides)
- Proteins (amino acids and enzymes)
4 essential processes of water
Absorption, Exchange, Secretion, Excretion
Lytes
Na+ and K+
Electrolyte
is a chemical substance that when dissolved in water dissociates into electrically charged particles
Na+
transmission of nerve impulses and extracellular fluid balance
Ka+
transmission of nerve impulses and intraceullular fluid balance
Cl-
water balance
HCO3-
Bicarbonate, Total CO2
Acid-base balance
H
Hydrogen
Acid-base balance