unit 1

Question 1

what is pyschology?

Answer 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental process

Question 2

who discovered psychology?

Answer 2

Willelm Wungt. first lab was in germany in 1879. relex test.

Question 3

structuralism

Answer 3

Edward Titchener. looking at atoms of the mind with an introspection. was rejected.

Question 4

functionalism

Answer 4

William James. how an organism functions in its environment. natural observation.

Question 5

behaviorists

Answer 5

skinner and watson. they redefined psychology as the ‘scientific study of observable behavior.’ focused on how learn and react to our environment.

Question 6

psychodynamics

Answer 6

sigmund freud. unconscious thoughts and emotions respond to childhood experiences affect ones behavior. forbidden desires, urges , nameless fears.

Question 7

humanistic psychology

Answer 7

rogers and maslow. environmental influences can narture or limit our potential . love and accept ourselves to become selt-actualized.

Question 8

list the 5 components of rogers and malows triangle?

Answer 8

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem and self-actualization.

Question 9

cognitive psychology and neuroscience

Answer 9

internal thinking processes away from observable behavior. perceive, process and remember information.

Question 10

evolutionary psychology

Answer 10

studies adaptive value of behavior and mental processes. Evolution influenced behavior.

Question 11

positive psychology

Answer 11

focuses on positive attitude.

Question 12

no matter what school is used, we need to consider the following…

Answer 12

nature VS nurture

biopsychosocial approach

Question 13

over confidence

Answer 13

think we know more than what we actually do. overestimating ourselves

Question 14

hindsight bias

Answer 14

the tendency to believe after learning something that you had foreseen it. you knew all along phenomena

Question 15

perception of order

Answer 15

prone to see patterns

Question 16

what/who was clever hans

Answer 16

horse that could answer humans questions

Question 17

the 3 things that make up ethics

Answer 17

consent
confidentiality
avoid long-term harm

Question 18

scientific method

Answer 18

be curious
collect data 
form hypothesis
create a test
more research
create theory

Question 19

naturalistic observation

Answer 19

watching behavior in their nature settings.
cannot replicate
cannot generalize
observer bias

Question 20

case study

Answer 20

study of a single individual to describe their situation
observer bias
can not generalize
can not replicate

Question 21

survey

Answer 21

questionnaires or interviews to a selected group of people.
wording effects
random sampling

Question 22

what is random sampling

Answer 22

best generalize from whole population. everyone has equal chance. larger are better than small.

Question 23

operational definitions

Answer 23

how we measure a concept. intended to eliminate bias

Question 24

correlational research

Answer 24

naturally occurring relationship between two variables.
correlational is not causation
unknown or invisible variable is always possible

Question 25

independent variable

Answer 25

the cause

Question 26

dependent variable

Answer 26

the effect

Question 27

single blind

Answer 27

the researcher knows but the patients don’t.

Question 28

double blind

Answer 28

both researcher and patient don’t know

Question 29

confounding variables

Answer 29

variables that a researcher fails to control or eliminate

Question 30

measures of central tendency

Answer 30

tendency of scores to congregate around some middle variable

Question 31

mode

Answer 31

most frequent score

Question 32

mean

Answer 32

arithmetic average

Question 33

median

Answer 33

middle score in rank-ordered distribution

Question 34

statistical dispersion of data

Answer 34

how similar or diverse the scores are. data with low variability is more reliable.

Question 35

2 key measures of statistical dispersion of data

Answer 35

range- difference between the lowest and highest values of a data set
standard deviation- the more closely grouped the data, the lower the standard deviation