unit 1 Flashcards
what is pyschology?
the scientific study of behavior and mental process
who discovered psychology?
Willelm Wungt. first lab was in germany in 1879. relex test.
structuralism
Edward Titchener. looking at atoms of the mind with an introspection. was rejected.
functionalism
William James. how an organism functions in its environment. natural observation.
behaviorists
skinner and watson. they redefined psychology as the ‘scientific study of observable behavior.’ focused on how learn and react to our environment.
psychodynamics
sigmund freud. unconscious thoughts and emotions respond to childhood experiences affect ones behavior. forbidden desires, urges , nameless fears.
humanistic psychology
rogers and maslow. environmental influences can narture or limit our potential . love and accept ourselves to become selt-actualized.
list the 5 components of rogers and malows triangle?
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem and self-actualization.
cognitive psychology and neuroscience
internal thinking processes away from observable behavior. perceive, process and remember information.
evolutionary psychology
studies adaptive value of behavior and mental processes. Evolution influenced behavior.
positive psychology
focuses on positive attitude.
no matter what school is used, we need to consider the following…
nature VS nurture
biopsychosocial approach
over confidence
think we know more than what we actually do. overestimating ourselves
hindsight bias
the tendency to believe after learning something that you had foreseen it. you knew all along phenomena
perception of order
prone to see patterns
what/who was clever hans
horse that could answer humans questions
the 3 things that make up ethics
consent
confidentiality
avoid long-term harm
scientific method
be curious collect data form hypothesis create a test more research create theory
naturalistic observation
watching behavior in their nature settings.
cannot replicate
cannot generalize
observer bias
case study
study of a single individual to describe their situation
observer bias
can not generalize
can not replicate
survey
questionnaires or interviews to a selected group of people.
wording effects
random sampling
what is random sampling
best generalize from whole population. everyone has equal chance. larger are better than small.
operational definitions
how we measure a concept. intended to eliminate bias
correlational research
naturally occurring relationship between two variables.
correlational is not causation
unknown or invisible variable is always possible
