personality Flashcards
personality
refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving.
the 5 perspectives
psychodynamic and Freud neo-Freudians humanistic trait theory social cognitive
Psychodynamic
Sigmund Freud.
used free association to reveal the unconscious by talking about whatever comes to mind at a relaxed state.
tripartite theoretical model
ego, super ego and id
free association
reveal unconscious by talking about what come to mind in a relaxed state.
ego (conscious mind)
deals with relatiy, rational, sense of self, negotiates demands of the id and super ego, if ego cannot negotiate with id or super conflict occurs.
id (preconscious mind)
baby like, pleasure principle, libido->life and death instincts, irrational , devil, fantasy driven.
super ego (unconscious mind)
morals, guilt, strive for perfection, learned behavior
defense mechanisms made by Freud
denial: refuse to acknowledge painful reality.
projection: attributing own feelings on others.
regression: revert to childlike behavior.
reaction formation: exaggerate opposite ideas and emotions.
displacement: redirect repressed feelings or motives onto other objects.
rationalization: Self justifying.
Repression
underlies all the other mechanisms according to Freud..
interaction of tripartite theory
desire of sexual pleasure. society and parents make you balance these desire through super ego. development is the resolution, if not mental disorders are created.
Freuds psychosexual stage theory
was developed based off his childhood.
erogenous zone
area of body where id’s pressure seeking is focused during a certain stage of pyschosexual development.
fixation
occurs when id pleasure seeking remains because of gratification.
the erogenous zone, stages and activity focus
oral 0-1.5 yrs, mouth, lips, tongue, sucking and biting
anal 1.5-3yrs. anus, bowel retention and elimination
phallic 3y-6yrs, genital’s identify sexes
latency 6-puberty, social development
genital puberty-adult, gentiles, sex
Oedipus complex
important role in phallic stage, boy sees father as a threat for mothers love.
Electra complex
girls develop penis envy when they realize they aren’t a boy. resents mother and becomes like her. girls compare through having their own child.
castration complex
the sense of loss and inadequacy based on their genital region
projective tests
assessing unconscious process, criticized for reliability and validity, different evaluators, different thoughts of what is normal. TAT explain a scene, inkblot test.
neo Freudians
carl jung
alfred adler
karen horney
erik erikson
carl jung
agrees with Freud about unconscious process. disagreed with libido and sexual energy, collective unconscious inherited through culture and genetics.
Alfred Adler
compensation. feeling less that perfect leads to emotional and social paralysis, trying too hard. little man syndrome. birth order. people who strive for social perfection leads to humanistic pyschology.
Karen horney
focuses on neurotic trends and irrational strategies.
1) moving toward people-submission
2) moving against- aggression
3) moving away from people-detachment.
Erik Erikson
8 stages of personality development
