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j5021 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

EAB uses:

a) Repeated measurement
b) Continuous measurement
c) Pre and Post Tests
d) A and B but not C

A

d) A and B but not C

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2
Q

In EAB Variability is:

a) Handled by isolating & minimizing extraneous Variables
b) Not an issue
c) Dealt with (subtracted out) via statistical analysis
d) None of these

A

a) Handled by isolating & minimizing extraneous Variables

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3
Q

A research study addressed a particular question by dividing groups into baseline & treatment groups & later compared the means. This was most likely an:

a) EAB study
b) Traditional psychology study

A

b) Traditional psychology study

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4
Q

Studied the effects of caffeine on respondent Bx:

a) Skinner and Heron
b) Pavlov
c) Zavadski

A

c) Zavadski

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5
Q

Studied the effect of caffeine on Operant Bx

a) Skinner and Heron
b) Pavlov
c) Zavadski

A

a) Skinner and Heron

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6
Q

Can drugs function as positive reinforcers?

a) Yes
b) No

A

a) Yes

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7
Q

Which of these is NOT a factor in the rapid development of Bx pharmacology:

a) Development of psychoanalysis
b) Concerns about drug abuse
c) Concerns with chemical contamination of env
d) rugs for mental illness

A

a) Development of psychoanalysis

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8
Q

This was an important factor in the development of EAB that emerged in the 1950s:

a) Brain mapping
b) Discovery of drugs for mental illness (Thorazine)
c) Schizophrenia being classified as an illness
d) None of these

A

b) Discovery of drugs for mental illness (Thorazine)

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9
Q

In the pole jumping experiments, the presence of an antipsychotic drug disrupted ________ but not ________

a) Avoidance, the buzzer
b) Escape, approach
c) Avoidance, escape
d) Escape, avoidance

A

c) Avoidance, escape

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10
Q

The pole jumping procedure was used as:

a) Screening process for potential new antipsychotic drugs
b) Test for the efficacy of punishment
c) Tool to evaluate habituation to shock

A

a) Screening process for potential new antipsychotic drugs

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11
Q

Drugs can be referred to by their:

a) Trade name
b) Generic name
c) Chemical name
d) Any of these

A

d) Any of these

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12
Q

Drugs may have more than one trade name

a) True
b) False

A

a) True

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13
Q

This name is the drug name given by the original manufacturer of the drug:

a) Chemical
b) Trade
c) Generic
d) All of these

A

b) Trade

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14
Q

The commonly used name of the active ingredient in a drug with a trade name is the:

a) Trademarked drug name
b) Generic drug
c) Antipsychotic agent
d) Therapeutic chemical compound

A

b) Generic drug

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15
Q

The most common way of classifying drugs:

a) Chemical structure
b) Behavioral effects
c) Generation
d) Therapeutic use

A

d) Therapeutic Use

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16
Q

This expresses the relationship btw drug dose & Bx:

a) Cumulative record
b) Dose response curve
c) Line graph

A

b) Dose response curve

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17
Q

Which of these is NOT one of the four listed basic facts about drugs: Drugs are:

a) Capable of having multiple effects
b) Dose dependent
c) Time dependent
d) Weight dependent

A

d) Weight dependent

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18
Q

Chronic Use of Medication

A
  • Long term use
  • Ideally initiated due to behavioral problems that are not responsive to environmental manipulations:
  • Endogenous: Inferred biochemical cause
  • Managed via regular appointments with prescribing physician
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19
Q

Behavior Analyst & Chronic Behavioral Medication

A
  • Operationalize definitions of behaviors targeted by medication
  • Provides ongoing data/charts
  • Creates systems/training for caregivers to monitor/report on side effects
  • Attends medication management appointments whenever possible
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20
Q

Acute Use of Medication

A
  • Immediate short term need
  • Prescribed for a variety of problems:
  • Emergency use, behavioral
  • Emergency use, medical
  • Short term use
  • Pre-medication
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21
Q

Emergency Use

A
  • Emergency use, behavioral
  • Crisis intervention
  • Sometimes called “chemical restraint”
  • e.g: Shot of a major tranquilizer in a crisis Mgmt unit
  • Emergency Use, medical
  • Alternative use for a medical crisis
  • E.g: Haldol as anti-emetic
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22
Q

Other Acute Uses

A

*Short-term
-Short-term symptom alteviation
-Anxiety, Insomnia
E.g: Doxepin (tricyclic)
*Pre-medication
-Relaxation/Sedation
-E.g: Ativan, Valium (anxiolytic)

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23
Q

More on Drug Effects

A
  • Main efect - Therapeutic
  • Side effect - the likely effects other than the therapeutic effect
  • Secondary effects - Sometimes Synonymous with side effects, but….
  • Toxic effects - too much medication
24
Q

More on Drug Effects

A
  • Main effect - Prozac: reduce symptoms of depression
  • Side effect - Typical antipsychotic - dry mouth; dyskinisia
  • Secondary effects - Risperadol: more likely to steal food
  • Toxic effects: Tremors, confusion
  • Very imp for Bx analyst to recognize: Debbie & the Depakene
25
Q

A Note on Side Effects

A
  • Dr Blakely states the commonly accepted (and well referenced) idea that atypical antipsychotics have a much lower likelihood of certain side effects, but…
  • The evolving pic is less clear on the prevalence of these side effects, esp over the long term
26
Q

A-typical drugs tend to have ______ side effects

a) Less
b) More
c) No

A

a) Less

27
Q

Routes of Administration

A
  • Oral, Intra-muscular, Intra-venous, Inhalation, Sub-Lingual, Topical etc
  • Other Issues: Pill/liquid? To crush or not crush, Mixing with food, Antibiotics & other meds - tolerated only with enteric coating? signs of non-tolerance
28
Q

Common Abbreviations

A
  • 1nce a dsy (q.d.)
  • Twice a day (b.i.d.)
  • Three times a day (t.i.d.)
  • Four times a day (q.i.d.)
  • Hour of sleep (h.s.)
  • As needed (prn)
29
Q

The function of the blood brain barrier is to:

a) Prevents blood from entering the brain
b) Prevents Psychoactive drugs from entering the brain
c) Protect the brain from foreign substances
d) Transport all drugs directly into the brain

A

c) Protect the brain from foreign substances

30
Q

Psychoactive medications _____ pass the blood brain barrier

a) Can
b) Cannot

A

a) Can

31
Q

What body part is a major player in biotransformation?

a) Brain
b) Gallbladder
c) Heart
d) Liver

A

c) Liver

32
Q

What effect can the liver have on drugs?

a) Changes to metabolite
b) Delivers the drugs to the drug’s site of action
c) Increases concentration
d) Excretes the drug from the body

A

a) Changes to metabolite

33
Q

Which of the following organs is the most common organ involved in the excretion of drugs or metabolites

a) Kidneys
b) Liver
c) Pancreas
d) Stomach

A

a) Kidneys

34
Q

Which type of Kinetics refers to a specific amount of a drug being eliminated per unit of time

a) 1st order
b) 1/2 order
c) It depends on the drug
d) Zero order

A

d) Zero order

35
Q

Generic Versus Brand

A
  • Brand names are propriety & limit the production of a drug to the specific drug co that owns the patent
  • After a period of time, the drug becomes public & maybe marketed by various companies under its Generic name
36
Q

Bioavailability

A

*The degree to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the target tissue after administration

37
Q

Effect of Bioavailability

A
  • There can be a profound difference between the clinical effects of the same drug btw Brand & Generic preparations
  • A change from brand to generic (for the same drug ?& dosage) should be indicated on graphs with a Condition Change line
38
Q

An Important Half-Life Consideration for Behavior Analysts

A
  • For a medication with a short half-life, a missed dose can have a profound clinical impact - & a direct effect on data collected on target Bxs
  • Thus, Bx analyst may need to include info on missed doses (for these meds) on the graphs
39
Q

Idiosyncratic Drug Reactions

A
  • Unpredictable adverse drug reactions aka Type B or Type 2
  • Unrelated to known pharmacological properties of the drug
  • Most are immune-mediated
  • Effects a very small % of ppl
  • E.g. rash
40
Q

Paradoxical Drug Reactions

A

-An effect opposite to the effect expected
-Can also occur with side effects!
E.g. Antidepressant, Codeine-induced restlessness

41
Q

The Take Away Point

A
  • Everyone reacts individually to medication
  • For individuals receiving intensive and/or residential services (and some others), the Bx analyst is often the individual best suited to help monitor for such effects
42
Q

A decrease in drug effect with repeated administrations is referred to as:

a) Extinction
b) Half-life
c) Pharmacokinetics
d) Tolerance

A

d) Tolerance

43
Q

In this type of tolerance the drug effect on learned Bx decreases over repeated administrations

a) Behavioral
b) Cellular
c) Compensatory
d) Metabolic

A

a) Behavioral

44
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of tolerance?

a) Additive
b) Behavioral
c) Compensatory
d) Metabolic

A

A) Additive

45
Q

Bill has to take a higher dose of drug X to get the same effect he used to get from a lower dose. This is likely due to:

a) Dose dependence
b) Half-life
c) Tolerance
d) Toxicity

A

c) Tolerance

46
Q

This type of tolerance reduces the concentration of a drug at the receptor sites because the drug itself creates enzymes to break the drug down:

a) Behavioral
b) Cellular
c) Compensatory
d) Metabolic

A

d) Metabolic

47
Q

Ron takes two drugs. If the combination of the two drugs results in a lower effect then the sum of the two this is what type of interaction?

a) Additive
b) Infra-additive
c) Supra-additive
d) Subtractive

A

b) Infra-additive

48
Q

Drug A has a TI of 12. Drug B has a TI of 20. Drug C has a TI of 1. Which drug is safer?

a) Drug A
b) Drug B
c) Drug C
d) Unable to determine

A

b) Drug B

49
Q

How do you calculate therapeutic index (TI)?

a) ED + LD
b) LD + ED
c) ED/LD
d) LD/ED

A

d) LD/ED

50
Q

If drug X is more potent than drug Y then:

a) Drug X is more effective
b) Drug X is less effective
c) Less of drug X is needed to achieve the effect
d) More of drug X is needed to achieve the effect

A

c) Less of drug X is needed to achieve the effect

51
Q

Spending large amounts of time seeking the drug is a symptom of:

a) Tolerance
b) Physical dependence
c) Psychological dependence
d) Withdrawal syndrome

A

c) Psychological dependence

52
Q

A particular drug causes a decrease in heart rate. Given an abrupt termination of the drug, What maybe the effect on heart rate as part of the withdrawal syndrome?

a) Decrease in heart rate
b) Increase in heart rate
c) Increase or decrease in heart rate depending on the original dose of the drug

A

b) Increase in heart rate

53
Q

Diet pills decrease the value of food and thus serve this function

a) Abolishing operation
b) Discriminative stimulus
c) Establishing operation
d) Punisher

A

a) Abolishing operation

54
Q

Mellaril increases “thirst” and therefore serves this function

a) Abolishing operation
b) Discriminative stimulus
c) Establishing operation
d) Punisher

A

c) Establishing operation

55
Q

Drug A causes a decrease in respiration as the result of administration. Therefore drug A functions as a(n):

a) Operant
b) Physiological dependence
c) Unconditioned response
d) Unconditioned stimulus

A

d) Unconditioned stimulus

56
Q

These are important in all communication btw neurons:

a) Drugs
b) Neurotransmitters
c) Ventricles
d) Agonists

A

b) Neurotransmitters

j5021 (8 decks)

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