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APHUG > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

Vocab Master

1
Q

Place

A

A specific place on earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic.

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2
Q

Region

A

An area of earth defined by multiple distinctive characteristics. ( ex. North America).

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3
Q

Scale

A

The relationship between the portion of earth being studied and earth as a whole. ( from local to global)

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4
Q

Space

A

The physical gap between two objects or places.

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5
Q

Connection

A

Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

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6
Q

Map

A

A 2-D model of Earth’s surface, or a portion of it.

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7
Q

Cartography

A

The science of map-making.

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8
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

The system determining the precise position of somewhere on Earth.

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9
Q

Geotagging

A

Identifying and storing information by its precise latitude and longitude.

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10
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

Captures, stores, and displays geographic data.

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11
Q

Geographic Information Science (GIScience)

A

Analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and electronic information.

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12
Q

Remote Sensing

A

The acquisition of data about earth from long distance information technologies.

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13
Q

Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI)

A

Creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals.

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14
Q

Citizen Science

A

Scientific research by amateur scientists.

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15
Q

Participatory GIS (PGIS)

A

Community-based mapping.

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16
Q

Mashup

A

Map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service (like Google Maps).

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17
Q

Map Scale

A

The size of a feature on a map compared to in the real world.

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18
Q

Written Scale

A

“1 centimeter equals 100 kilometers”

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19
Q

Graphic Scale

A

A bar lined marked grid across a map to show distance on Earth’s surface.

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20
Q

Ratio Scale

A

“1:1,000,000”

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21
Q

Projection

A

Transfer of locations on Earth’s surface to a map.

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22
Q

Longitude

A

Arc between the north and south poles. Measure distance east or west from Prime Meridian. aka meridian

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23
Q

Latitude

A

Circles that run around earth and do not touch. Measure distance north or south from equator. aka parallels

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24
Q

Prime Meridian

A

0 degrees longitude that runs through Greenwich, England.

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25
Q

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

A

The time at the Prime Meridian which is a reference time for all points of Earth.

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26
Q

International Date Line

A

Located at 180 degrees longitude, and when you pass this line you turn the clock either forward or backward 24 hours.

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27
Q

Location

A

The position that something occupies on Earth’s surface.f

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28
Q

Toponym

A

The name given to a place on Earth.

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29
Q

Site

A

The physical character of a place used to describe location.

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30
Q

Situation

A

The location of a place relative to other places.

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31
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

A combination of cultural and physical features of a region to derive its unified character.

32
Q

Formal Region

A

aka uniform region. Area where everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics.

33
Q

Functional Region

A

aka nodal region. When a culture is connected by a characteristic at its central point, and the characteristic diminishes in importance as you move away from that point.

34
Q

Vernacular Region

A

aka perceptual region. An area where people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.

35
Q

Culture

A

The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that bring together a group of people.

36
Q

Spatial Association

A

When features of regions are related it brings them together and they associate more strongly with each other.

37
Q

Globalization

A

A process in which the entire world is losing the ability for something or someone individually to interact with something or someone else in another place.

38
Q

Transnational Corporation

A

A group that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in multiple countries.

39
Q

Concentration

A

The extent of a how a feature is spread across space.

40
Q

Distribution

A

The arrangement of a feature in space.

41
Q

Pattern

A

The geometric arrangement of objects in space. Some things are distributed in patterns and others are distributed irregularly.

42
Q

Poststructuralist Geography

A

Examines how the powerful in society try to dominate the less powerful.

43
Q

Humanistic Geography

A

Emphasizes the different ways that individuals forms ideas about places and give those places symbolic meanings.

44
Q

Behavioral Geography

A

Emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for human actions in regions.

45
Q

Uneven Development

A

The increasing gap in economic conditions between regions.

46
Q

Assimilation

A

The process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to fit in with those of another group.

47
Q

Acculturation

A

The process of changes in a culture that result in the meeting of two groups.

48
Q

Syncretism

A

The combination of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature.

49
Q

Hearth

A

A place from which an innovation originates.

50
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout a population.

51
Q

Stimulus Diffusion

A

The spread of an underlying principle even though the characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse.

52
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

The spread of a feature from one place to another.

53
Q

Hierarchal Diffusion

A

The spread of an idea from persons of authority to other persons.

54
Q

Network

A

A chain of communication that connects places.

55
Q

Distance Decay

A

Contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears.

56
Q

Space-Time Compression

A

Describes the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place.

57
Q

Resource

A

A substance in the environment that is useful to people.

58
Q

Sustainability

A

The use of Earth’s resources in ways to ensure its availability in the future.

59
Q

Renewable Resource

A

Produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed.

60
Q

Nonrenewable Resource

A

Produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed.

61
Q

Conservation

A

The management of Earth’s natural resources to meet human needs and have enough.

62
Q

Preservation

A

The maintenance of resources in their current condition, with as little human impact as possible.

63
Q

Biotic

A

The living organisms on Earth.

64
Q

Abiotic

A

The nonliving things on Earth.

65
Q

Atmosphere

A

Gases surrounding the Earth.

66
Q

Hydrosphere

A

The water on or near Earth’s surface.

67
Q

Lithosphere

A

Earth’s crust (surface) and a portion of the upper mantle.

68
Q

Biosphere

A

All living organisms on Earth.

69
Q

Climate

A

The long-term average weather condition of a specific location or region.

70
Q

Ecosystem

A

A group of living organisms and the abiotic factors they interact with.

71
Q

Ecology

A

The scientific study of ecosystems. The studying of the interactions between biotic factors as well as biotic and abiotic factors.

72
Q

Cultural Ecology

A

The study of the interactions of humans and the environment.

73
Q

Environmental Determinism

A

The theory that the physical environment caused and causes social development.

74
Q

Possibilism

A

The physical environment limits human actions, but people can adjust their environment to somewhat remove these limitations.

75
Q

Polder

A

A piece of land that is created by draining water from an area.

APHUG (7 decks)

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