Unit 1 Flashcards
Jewish Bible
Tanakh
- Torah: “The Law” or “instruction”
- Nevi’im: Former and Latter “Prophets”
- Khetuvim: “Writings”, Latest writings
Christian Bible
- Pentateuch (similar to Torah)
- History (Former Prophets)
- Prophets (Latter prophets)
- Wisdom Literature (Khetuvim)
Dei Verbum
- Latin= “word of God”
- 1965 Vatican 2 reform movement
- Stewardship of revelation: direct lineage from Christ–> apostles–> bishops–> us
- Role of sacred tradition, scripture, and authority of Church: Sacred scripture and tradition= two pillars of biblical interpretation
- Bible= product of God’s will and human intellect (look at clues in human context to interpret bible)
- Attention to context and literary form
Diachronic
-Studying text through time
Exegete
-Someone who studies scripture
Redaction
-Edit (discuss more later)
Genre criticism
- Also known as form criticism
- Studies genre of text
- Style of text matters for interpretation
Source Criticism
-Find source for Bible and writers
Julius Wellhausen
- 19th century German scholar
- Father of source criticism (documentary hypothesis)
- Prologue to ancient history
- States that Pentateuch is traced as 4 sources, redacted to form biblical sources
Anthropomorphic
-Gods have human characteristics
Enuma Elish
- Akkadian= language
- Bible written 600 years l8r
- Read during Akitu festival (Babylonian new year, celebrates Marduk)
- Starts w/ Apsu and Tiamat, waters mingle–> Gods and Ea
- Tiamat and Apsu wanna kill their kids (too loud), hire Mummu to kill them, Ea warned by Tiamat, Ea kills Apsu
- Ea and wife–> Marduk
- Tiamat plots revenge, wants to kill all Gods, marries Qingu
- Marduk appointed leader, kills Tiamat violently
- Split her in half (Heavens/sky and earth)
- Makes humans do work for Gods (kill Qingu to make them)
Gilgamesh
- One of the oldest texts ever
- Gilgamesh and Enkidu go on adventures, he dies, Gilgamesh wants to bring him back to life
Tiamat
- Supreme Goddess in Enuma Elish
- Plots revenge on all gods after her husband is killed
- Marduk kills her, he turns her body into sky and earth
Synchronic
-Concerned with something, especially a language, as it exists at one point in time
Hermann Gunkel
- Father of form criticism
- Gave us the four sagens
Gattung
- German for Genre
- What best describes a piece of writing
- Genre matters when interpreting something
Sagens
- “Legends” of Pentateuch or Genesis
- Etiological
- Ethnological
- Etymological
- Ceremonial
Ceremonial
- Sagen
- How certain religious rituals became a part of the life of Israel
Etiological
- Sagen
- How something came into existence
Etymological
- Sagen
- How do words enter our vocab
Ethnological
- Sagen
- How nations/ ethnicities came into existence
El Shaddai
- Canaan gods
- “God almighty”
Primeval History
- Gen 1-11
- Gives us origin stories (etiologies)
- How world began, celestial phenomenon, calendars, origins of life, zoological classifications, human institutions, origins of sickness and death, diversity, life cycle
Aqedah
- Gen 22
- Binding of Isaac
Antrahasis
- Comparable to Noah’s ark and Gilgamesh
- Great flood and creation myth story
- Akkadian epic
YHWH
-“I am who am”
