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Geography > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Globe

A

A scale model of the earth that depicts properties such as area, distance, and direction. (3-D model)

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2
Q

Map distortion

A

Misrepresentation of shape, area, distance, and direction on a map. Comparison of measurements on curbed surface of earth.

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3
Q

Continental drift theory

A

The theory that the continents were once joined together and then slowly drifted apart.

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4
Q

Convergent boundaries

A

Two tectonic plates or fragments move toward one another and collide.

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5
Q

Divergent boundaries

A

Two tectonic played that move away from each other.

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6
Q

Transform boundaries

A

A type of fault whose relative motion is horizontal. (Plates slide past each other)

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7
Q

Fault

A

A crack or break in the earths crust.

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8
Q

Seismograph

A

Any of various instruments for measuring and recording vibrations of earthquakes. (Measures and records details of earth quakes.)

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9
Q

Epicenter

A

Center of the earthquake. Point on the earth’s surface vertically above an earth quake.

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10
Q

Richter scale

A

A scaler ranging from 1-10, for indicating the intensity of an earthquake.

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11
Q

Ring of Fire

A

Basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and eruptions occur.

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12
Q

Atmosphere

A

Gases surrounding the earth or another planet.

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13
Q

Lithosphere

A

Rigid outer part of the earth. Crust and upper mantle.

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14
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All waters on earth’s surface, such as lakes and seas.

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15
Q

Biosphere

A

Part of the earth where life exists.

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16
Q

Topography

A

Arrangement of physical features of an area. Shows the details and height of a mountain

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17
Q

Weathering

A

Chemical or physical process that BREAK down pieces of rocks into smaller pieces.

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18
Q

Erosion

A

The MOVEMENT of weathered rock and material by wind, glaciers, and moving water.

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19
Q

Deposition

A

Process where material being transported is DEPOSITED.

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20
Q

Glaciation

A

A process by which glaciers form and spread

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21
Q

Weather

A

Condition of the atmosphere in a SHORT period of time.

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22
Q

Climate

A

Weather patterns typical for an area in a short period of time.

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23
Q

Leeward

A

Being on or FACING the direction toward which the wind is blowing.

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24
Q

Windward

A

Being IN or facing the direction for, which the wind is blowing

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25
Q

Rain shadow affect

A

Result of a process by which dry areas develop on the leeward sides of the mountain ranges. Temp changes drastically

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26
Q

Continentally

A

Distance from moderating affects of the ocean.
* if you are close to the ocean, weather doesn’t change drastically year round. If you are not close to the ocean weather changes drastically

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27
Q

Deciduous trees

A

Broad lead trees found in places such as amazon. They loose leaves in the autumn

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28
Q

Coniferous

A

Needle leaf tree found in Colorado. Keep leaves in winter.

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29
Q

Permafrost

A

Permanently frozen layer of soil beneath surface of the ground.

30
Q

Mountain

A

natural elevation of the earth’s surface with steep sides and greater in height than a hill

31
Q

Hill

A

natural elevation of the earth’s surface smaller in height than a mountain

32
Q

Basin

A

an extended lower area between mountain ranges

33
Q

Cliff

A

almost vertical edge of a hill, mountain, plain, or plateau

34
Q

Valley

A

low land between hills or mountains

35
Q

Escarpment

A

a steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top

36
Q

Source of the river

A

where the river beings at a higher elevation

37
Q

Mouth of the river

A

the place where a river flows into a lake or an ocean

38
Q

Delta

A

a triangular area of land formed from silt deposits at the mouth of a river; caused by the flattening out of the land, the river slows and deposits silt until the river seeks a new path

39
Q

Estuary

A

broadened seaward end of a river; where the fresh water and the salt water mix

40
Q

Tributary

A

smaller river that joins a larger river

41
Q

Desert

A

area with very little rainfall

42
Q

Oasis

A

a spot of fertile land in a desert, fed by water from wells or underground springs

43
Q

Mesa

A

a wide, flat-topped mountain with steep sides, larger than a butte

44
Q

Butte

A

a raised, flat area of land with steep cliffs, smaller than a mesa

45
Q

Plateau

A

a broad, flat-topped mountain with steep sides, larger than a butte or mesa

46
Q

Marsh

A

soft, wet, low-lying, grassy land that serves as a transition between water and land

47
Q

Swamp

A

lowland region that is saturated by water

48
Q

Flood plain/ alluvial plain

A

flat land near the edges of rivers formed by mud and silt deposited by floods

49
Q

Volcano

A

an opening in the earth, usually raised, through which gases and lava escape from the earth’s interior

50
Q

Island

A

small piece of land surrounded by water

51
Q

Atoll

A

coral created island, sometimes forming a ring around an island

52
Q

Peninsula

A

piece of land surrounded by water on three sides

53
Q

Cape

A

a piece or hook of land extending into the ocean or a lake

54
Q

Plains

A

a large level area of grassland with few or no trees (prairies, savannas, cerrado, llanos, pampas, steppe)

55
Q

Lake

A

small body of water enclosed by land

56
Q

Sea

A

a small body of water attached to a larger sea or the ocean

57
Q

Ocean

A

large body of saltwater that covers the earth

58
Q

Bay

A

part of an ocean or lake partially enclosed by land

59
Q

Harbor

A

a sheltered area of water deep enough for docking ships

60
Q

Strait

A

narrow strip of water that connects two larger bodies of water

61
Q

Canal

A

manmade waterway

62
Q

Channel

A

wide strip of water that connects two larger bodies of water

63
Q

Isthmus

A

narrow strip of land that connects to larger pieces of land

64
Q

Cave

A

sheltered opening in the earth

65
Q

Gorge

A

narrow opening in the land created by the action of a river

66
Q

Canyon

A

large opening in the land created by the action of a river

67
Q

Dune

A

sand piled up by wind

68
Q

Continental shelf

A

the earth’s surface from the edge of a continent into the ocean

69
Q

Archipelago

A

several islands that form a chain

70
Q

Gulf

A

large body of water connected to an ocean

71
Q

Glacier

A

a large mass of ice that moves because of gravity

72
Q

Cataract

A

a step-like series of waterfalls

Geography (6 decks)

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