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Geography > Final History > Flashcards

Final History Flashcards

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1
Q

The most sacred writings of the Jewish religion are the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, known as the

A

Torah

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2
Q

The Phoenicians contributed greatly to written communication by introducing the first use of

A

Phonetic symbols

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3
Q

In the Hebrew tradition, a covenant is

A

A mutual promise between God and humanity

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4
Q

What does “Islam” mean in Arabic

A

“Submission to the will of Allah”

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5
Q

What do Muslims believe about Muhammad?

A

He was the last and greatest of the prophets.

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6
Q

What division of Islam believes that only a relative of Muhammad is qualified to be a caliph?

A

Shi’a

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7
Q

Toward what city do Muslims pray?

A

Mecca

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8
Q

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

A

the major duties required of all Muslims

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9
Q

During the 8th-century dispute over icons, which of the following was the main supporter of the iconoclasts?

A

the Byzantine emperor

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10
Q

What was the chief goal of the Crusades?

A

to recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks

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11
Q

What did the Magna Carta guarantee?

A

Basic legal rights

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12
Q

What was the major cause of the Great Schism?

A

arguments about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope

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13
Q

Which of the following was the central issue of the Hundred Years’ War?

A

the throne of France

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14
Q

The Maya based their calendar on careful observations of

A

the planets, sun, and moon.

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15
Q

The main demand that the Incan state placed on its subjects was the mita, which was a

A

tribute of labor.

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16
Q

Conquered provinces resented Aztec rule because

A

the Aztecs used conquered people for human sacrifice.

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17
Q

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?

A

art and learning

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18
Q

For what is the Medici family famous?

A

For being rulers and supporters of the arts

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19
Q

In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man?

A

He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist.

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20
Q

What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?

A

The Bible

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21
Q

Luther protested the practice of selling indulgences. What was that practice?

A

The clergy sold pardons that released people from performing penalties for their sins.

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22
Q

Who declared himself the head of the English Church?

A

Henry VIII

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23
Q

What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?

A

predestination

24
Q

Why was the caravel an important development in navigation?

A

It was able to sail against the wind.

25
Q

Who captained the first European ship to sail around the tip of Africa, now known as the Cape of Good Hope?

A

Bartolomeu Dias

26
Q

Who conquered the Aztec empire?

A

Hernando Cortés

27
Q

Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first?

A

an island in the Caribbean Sea

28
Q

What concept was the belief in “divine right” used to support?

A

absolute rule

29
Q

The heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory was proposed by

A

Nicolaus Copernicus.

30
Q

Francis Bacon helped to develop

A

the scientific method.

31
Q

Isaac Newton explained the

A

law of universal gravitation.

32
Q

Which goal was NOT stated in the “slogan of the Revolution”?

A

justice

33
Q

Which document stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”?

A

the Declaration of the Rights of Man

34
Q

During the Reign of Terror, who was safe from the guillotine?

A

no one

35
Q

What was Napoleon able to accomplish during peacetime?

A

All of the above are true.

36
Q

Which of the following was an important goal of the Congress of Vienna?

A

To establish a balance of power in Europe

37
Q

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A

increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th-century

38
Q

Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?

A

All of the above are true.

39
Q

What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?

A

land, labor, capital

40
Q

What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?

A

Unions

41
Q

What is the policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war?

A

militarism

42
Q

What region was referred to as the “powder keg” of Europe?

A

the Balkan Peninsula

43
Q

Which statement summarizes the Schlieffen Plan that Germany created to prepare for a two-front war?

A

Attack France first, then Russia.

44
Q

Why were Germany and Austria-Hungary known as Central Powers?

A

because of their location in the heart of Europe

45
Q

What action on November 11, 1918, brought World War I to an end?

A

An armistice was signed.

46
Q

Who was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles

A

Germany

47
Q

Which German political party sought to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and combat communism?

A

Nazi

48
Q

What term was used to identify the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan?

A

Axis Powers

49
Q

What prompted Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany?

A

German invasion of Poland

50
Q

The German blitzkrieg was a military strategy that depended on what advantage?

A

surprise and overwhelming force

51
Q

What event occurred on the day described as “a date which will live in infamy”?

A

attack on Pearl Harbor

52
Q

What was significant about the Battle of Midway?

A

It turned the war in the Pacific against the Japanese.

53
Q

Which of the following battles marked the final German offensive?

A

Battle of the Bulge

54
Q

Where were atomic bombs dropped?

A

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

55
Q

Which of the following was addressed by the Nuremberg Trials?

A

the Holocaust

Geography (6 decks)

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