Final History Flashcards
The most sacred writings of the Jewish religion are the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, known as the
Torah
The Phoenicians contributed greatly to written communication by introducing the first use of
Phonetic symbols
In the Hebrew tradition, a covenant is
A mutual promise between God and humanity
What does “Islam” mean in Arabic
“Submission to the will of Allah”
What do Muslims believe about Muhammad?
He was the last and greatest of the prophets.
What division of Islam believes that only a relative of Muhammad is qualified to be a caliph?
Shi’a
Toward what city do Muslims pray?
Mecca
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
the major duties required of all Muslims
During the 8th-century dispute over icons, which of the following was the main supporter of the iconoclasts?
the Byzantine emperor
What was the chief goal of the Crusades?
to recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks
What did the Magna Carta guarantee?
Basic legal rights
What was the major cause of the Great Schism?
arguments about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope
Which of the following was the central issue of the Hundred Years’ War?
the throne of France
The Maya based their calendar on careful observations of
the planets, sun, and moon.
The main demand that the Incan state placed on its subjects was the mita, which was a
tribute of labor.
Conquered provinces resented Aztec rule because
the Aztecs used conquered people for human sacrifice.
What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?
art and learning
For what is the Medici family famous?
For being rulers and supporters of the arts
In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man?
He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist.
What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?
The Bible
Luther protested the practice of selling indulgences. What was that practice?
The clergy sold pardons that released people from performing penalties for their sins.
Who declared himself the head of the English Church?
Henry VIII
What was one of John Calvin’s major teachings?
predestination
Why was the caravel an important development in navigation?
It was able to sail against the wind.
Who captained the first European ship to sail around the tip of Africa, now known as the Cape of Good Hope?
Bartolomeu Dias
Who conquered the Aztec empire?
Hernando Cortés
Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first?
an island in the Caribbean Sea
What concept was the belief in “divine right” used to support?
absolute rule
The heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory was proposed by
Nicolaus Copernicus.
Francis Bacon helped to develop
the scientific method.
Isaac Newton explained the
law of universal gravitation.
Which goal was NOT stated in the “slogan of the Revolution”?
justice
Which document stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”?
the Declaration of the Rights of Man
During the Reign of Terror, who was safe from the guillotine?
no one
What was Napoleon able to accomplish during peacetime?
All of the above are true.
Which of the following was an important goal of the Congress of Vienna?
To establish a balance of power in Europe
What was the Industrial Revolution?
increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th-century
Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?
All of the above are true.
What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?
land, labor, capital
What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?
Unions
What is the policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war?
militarism
What region was referred to as the “powder keg” of Europe?
the Balkan Peninsula
Which statement summarizes the Schlieffen Plan that Germany created to prepare for a two-front war?
Attack France first, then Russia.
Why were Germany and Austria-Hungary known as Central Powers?
because of their location in the heart of Europe
What action on November 11, 1918, brought World War I to an end?
An armistice was signed.
Who was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles
Germany
Which German political party sought to overturn the Treaty of Versailles and combat communism?
Nazi
What term was used to identify the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan?
Axis Powers
What prompted Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany?
German invasion of Poland
The German blitzkrieg was a military strategy that depended on what advantage?
surprise and overwhelming force
What event occurred on the day described as “a date which will live in infamy”?
attack on Pearl Harbor
What was significant about the Battle of Midway?
It turned the war in the Pacific against the Japanese.
Which of the following battles marked the final German offensive?
Battle of the Bulge
Where were atomic bombs dropped?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Which of the following was addressed by the Nuremberg Trials?
the Holocaust
