Unit 1 Flashcards
Parasympathetic nervous system
Calms the body, coserves energy and returns internal systems and organs to a balanced level of activity
Somatic nervous system
The division of the PNS that controls the skeletal muscles responsible for voluntary movement
What is psychology
The study of thoughts feelings and behaviours
Sympathetic nervous system
Energises the body during times of stress or need for increasing physical activity.
Triggers flight/fight response
Central nervous system
The section of nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord
Brain
Receives and interpreters sensory information and decided on motor responses to this information
Autonomic nervous system
The division of PNS that controls the involuntary activity of internal organs, muscles and glands
Spinal cord
Connects the brain to the rest of the body
Peripheral nervous system
The section of the nervous system that consists of all the nerve outside the CNS.
Transmits sensory information to the spinal cord and motor messages from the spinal cord to appropriate body parts
Define trephination
A small saw that used to be used by putting a hole in the skull to release pressure from migraines
Define phrenology
Small bumbs in on the head
Independent variable
A variable that is manipulated in some way to cause a change in what is being measured
Dependent variable
A variable that does not change and can be measured
What is the Iv and dv in this example
Drinking energy drinks increases your sports performance
Iv-weather energy drinks were consumed
Dv- measure of sports performance
Random sample
Every participant has an equal opportunity to be chosen
Eg blue smartie being pulled out of a box with 3 blue 3 red and 3 pink
Strategies random sample
Grouping people into classifications eg gender, age
What are the 6 ethical rights
Confidentiality Voluntary participation Withdrawal rights Informed consent Deception Debriefing
What is beneficence
The good of the research outweighs any harm that happens during the experiment
3 of the 6 main approaches to psychology and what they do
BEHAVIOURISM-focus on observable behaviours that could be scientifically measured.
PSYCHOANALYSIS-the unconscious and early childhood determine behaviour.
SOCIOCULTURAL-understanding individual behaviour in a social context, how human behaviour is influenced by other people eg zimbado experiment
Define trephination
An accent surgical procedure that involves creating a hole in the patients head to get rid of migraines
Define phrenology
The bumbs and shape of your skull reflects a persons personality and intelligence
What are the four lobes of the forebrain and what r their roles
Frontal-personality, logical thinking(primary motor cortex)
Parietal- senses and touch(primary somatosensory cortex)
Temporal- hearing(primary auditory cortex)
Occipital- seeing (primary visual cortex)
Label a diagram of the brain (the lobes)
Photos
Liable the brain
Photos
What is a neuron
A specialised cell that receives information and transits it to other cells
Label a neuron
Photos
What is a neurotransmitter
A chemical messenger that carries signals between neurones. They help carry the message across the synapse.
What carries the message along the axon of a neuron
The electrical impulse
Hindbrain
Link between spinal cord and Brian
Important for balance and movement
Consists of brain stem, medulla, pin and cerebellum
Midbrain
Regulates sleep, motor movement and arousal alertness levels and sleep wake cycle
What can the autonomic nervous system be split into
Parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system
What can the somatic nervous system be split into
Motor and sensory
What is the somatic nervous system
Responsible for voluntary moment of muscles eg moving an arm
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for
Bodily functions that are necessary for survival eg digestion and heartbeat
Involuntary
What is the flight fright freeze response
A physiological response to stress that causes an organism to react in a combative manner (fight) , by removing themselves for the situation (flight), or by not reacting at all (freeze)
What is a homunculus
a microscopic but fully formed human being from which a fetus was formerly believed to develop.
Cerebral cortex
Outer layer of the brain
Corpus callosum
Connects the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
Hippocampus
Long term memory
Amygdala
Aggression and fear
Pons
Controls movement, breathing, sleeping and dreams
Cerebellum
Balance and fine muscle control
Medulla
Heartbeat, breathing
What are the three steps of the scientific method
Participants/population
Procedure
Materials used
What is the confounding variable
An uncontrolled factor that varies in some way as the IV. You can’t determine wether change in the DV is due to the IV. No conclusions can be drawn.
What is the extraneous variable
A variable other than the independent variable that could cause changes in the value of the dependent variable
Eg Iv extra revision
Dv performance on test
Extraneous variable-teacher
Difference between control group and experimental group
Control group is not exposed to IV where experimental group is exposed to IV
What is hemispheric specialisation and list examples
One hemisphere is particularly suit to a certain task.
Left side- right hand, music, art, dance
Right side-left hand, logic, maths, writing
What is repeated measured design
This uses the same participants for both sides of the experiment
Matched participants design
Testing the participants before hand to check that the groups of people are even
Independent group design
Participants are allocated to groups at random
What is Radom and stratified sampling
Random sampling- every member has an equal chance of being selected.
Stratified sampling-grouping people into classifications eg age, gender
