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World Geography > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Continental Drift Theory was proposed when and by who?

A

In 1912 by Alfred Wegener.

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2
Q

What is the Continental Drift Theory?

A

200 million years ago the Earth was one giant continent called Pangaea which broke apart and formed the continents.

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3
Q

How did Wegener support his theory?

A

Fossils (nearly identical) on different continents

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4
Q

What is proof of Pangaea?

A

The shapes match, the plants/animals match, and rocks match.

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5
Q

What are clues from the ocean?

A

Mid-ocean ridge; sea floor spreading

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6
Q

Why did few people believe in the CDF?

A

Difficult to conceive large continents could plow through the sea floor to move to new locations.

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7
Q

What causes tectonic plate movement?

A

The convection currents in the mantle.

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8
Q

What does the theory of plate tectonics state?

A

The Earth’s outer shell is a series of small and large moving plates.

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9
Q

What is a tectonic plate?

A

A massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock.

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10
Q

What is believed to be the plate-driving force?

A

The movement of hot, softened mantle that lies below the plates.

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11
Q

What is a divergent boundary?

A

Spreading apart of tectonic plates. (Created)

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12
Q

What is a convergent boundary?

A

Pressing together of tectonic plates. (Destroyed)

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13
Q

What is a transform boundary?

A

Tectonic plates sliding across each other.

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14
Q

What is subduction?

A

When one plate dives under another.

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15
Q

How do plates affect us?

A

Earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes (Ring of Fire).

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16
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

Chemical and mechanical.

17
Q

What is the crust?

A

Thin, rocky, includes landforms. 4-40 miles thick. Averages 5miles below the oceans, 22 below continents.

18
Q

What is the mantle?

A

Thick layer of hot rock, 1800 miles thick. Mostly solid, but pliable rock churns slowly. Draws heat from the center of the earth. Convection causes the plates to move; upper layer may be molten.

19
Q

What is a representation of the convection of the mantle?

A

Boiling rice.

20
Q

What is the outer core?

A

Molten, churning liquid rock, mostly iron and nickel.

21
Q

What is the inner core?

A

Ball of iron 1/3 the size of the moon, boiling hot at 11,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

22
Q

What is the atmosphere made of?

A

Air.

23
Q

What is the hydrosphere made of?

A

Water.

24
Q

What is the lithosphere/geosphere made of?

A

Land.

25
Q

What is the biosphere made of?

A

Life.

26
Q

What does chemical weathering do?

A

Alters chemical makeup of the substance.

27
Q

What does mechanical weathering do?

A

Changes the physical structure of the substance.

28
Q

What are the two kinds of chemical weathering?

A

Carbonic acid and acid rain.

29
Q

What does carbonic acid do?

A

Can dissolve rock.

30
Q

What does acid rain do?

A

Destroys forests and pollutes water.

31
Q

What are the two kinds of mechanical weathering?

A

Frost-wedging and root-wedging.

32
Q

What is frost-wedging?

A

It is when water freezes in a rock and causes the rock to break.

33
Q

What is root-wedging?

A

What plants grow through the cracks of rocks.

34
Q

What are the three types of erosion?

A

Wind, water and ice erosion.

35
Q

How does wind erode?

A

Wind picks up soil and carries it away. (Ex. The Dust Bowl.)

36
Q

How does water erode?

A

The sediment is picked up by water and moves from one location and is deposited in another. (Ex. Cape Hadaras, the Niall River, Mississippi River/The Gulf of Mexico)

37
Q

How does ice erode?

A

Glaciers move and carry dirt, rocks and boulders. (Ex. Greenland Glacier, Columbia Glacier. (Alpine Glaciers)

38
Q

What is erosion?

A

The movement of weathered material.

World Geography (5 decks)

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