Latin America Flashcards
1
Q
What are the Caribbean Islands known for?
A
Agriculture and tourism.
2
Q
How many islands are in the Caribbean Sea?
A
7000+
3
Q
Hispanola is divided by what two countries?
A
Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
4
Q
What climate is it in Central America and Northern South America?
A
Tropical.
5
Q
In northern Mexico and South America it is what climate?
A
Temperate.
6
Q
What mountains are in Latin America?
A
Sierra Madres, Andes.
7
Q
What is Machu Picchu?
A
The Lost City of the Incas; also Peru’s most popular tourist attraction and UNESCO world heritage site.
8
Q
What are the zones in Vertical Zonation?
A
Snow caps, Tierra Fria, Tierra Templada, Tierra Caliente.
9
Q
Latin America is at very high risk of what natural disaster?
A
Earthquakes.
10
Q
What are the Galapagos Islands known for?
A
Biodiversity.
11
Q
Who controls the Falkland Islands?
A
The U.K.
12
Q
The Britts defeated the Argentines in the what?
A
Falkland Island War 1982.
13
Q
Lake Titicaca is on the border between what two countries?
A
Peru and Bolivia.
14
Q
Lake Maracaibo is an extension of what? What is it rich in?
A
Caribbean Sea. Oil reserves.
15
Q
Grasslands are known for what in Latin America?
A
Agriculture.
16
Q
The Llanos are where?
A
Venezuela.
17
Q
The Gran Chaco are where?
A
Paraguay.
18
Q
The Pampas are where?
A
Argentina.
19
Q
Where are rain forest located in Latin America?
A
Costa Rica and Brazil; ‘Amazonia’.
20
Q
What are the two things that people believe deforestation will lead to?
A
Either nothing being left or sustainable development.
21
Q
What are some coastal deserts?
A
West Coast of South America, Atacama Desert in Chile.
22
Q
Where do people usually settle?
A
Along coasts.
23
Q
What are Latin America’s megacities?
A
Sao Paulo, Rio and Mexico City.
24
Q
What crop is a huge part of Latin America?
A
Coffee.
25
What are some large resources/exports in Latin America?
Oil, gold, silver and copper.
26
What are the five regions of Mexico?
Northern Pacific Coast, Central Plateau, Southern Pacific Coast, Gulf Coastal Plain, Yucatan Peninsula.
27
Characteristics of the Northern Pacific Coast region of Mexico?
(Baja California) Dry, hot, thinly populated, Tijuana, some of the best farmland w/ irrigation.
28
Characteristics of the Southern Pacific Coast region of Mexico?
Narrow, steep-sided, little farmland, beautiful scenery, tourism. (Acapulco, Puerto Vallarta)
29
Characteristics of the Central Plateau region of Mexico?
Heartland, several large cities, 4/5 people, best farmland, geologically unstable; earthquakes, volcanoes. Nice climate.
30
Characteristics of the Gulf Coastal Plain region of Mexico?
Lots of petroleum and natural gas.
31
Characteristics of the Yucatan Peninsula region of Mexico?
Generally flat, limestone, underground cavers, sinkholes, thinly populated, tourism, Cancun, Mayan ruins.
32
How was Cortez greeted by the Aztecs?
As a friend/a god.
33
When did the Spanish arrive on the Gulf Coast?
1519.
34
When were the Aztecs defeated?
1521.
35
What did Cortez call this new land?
New Spain.
36
What were the New Spain social classes?
1. Peninsulares
2. Haciendas
3. Encomienda System
4. Criollos
5. Mestizos
6. Indians
37
What happened in the 1800s in New Spain?
Rebellions.
38
Who called for rebellion against Spanish rule in 1810?
Miguel Hidalgo.
39
What happened in 1821?
Mexico was established.
40
What happened to the Mexican government?
Went through a series of dictators.
41
What started to happen to Mexico in the late 1800s-early 1900s?
Began to modernize, economic gap formed.
42
What are the industries of Mexico?
Oil, tourism, manufacturing.
43
What started the Mexican Revolution?
Peasants and the middle class rebelling in 1910.
44
What was the rebels' motto during the Mexico Revolution?
"Land, bread, and justice for all."
45
What happened in 1920 after the Revolution ended?
They made a Constitution and elected a President. (modeled after the US) Became a federal republic.
46
What party dominated politics for over 70 years before Fox being elected in 2000?
The PRI party.
47
Who is Mexico's current president?
Enrique Pena Nieto.
48
What are Ejidos?
Collective community farms used for subsistence farming.
49
What are latfundios and what do they grow?
Commercial farms; corn, sugar, fruit. (not many Ejidos anymore)
50
Causes of urbanization in Mexico?
Lower prices, large families, 22.5 million people in Valley of Mexico metropolitan area, 11 million people in Urban core.
51
When was NAFTA created?
1993.
52
What inspired many Central American countries to revolt?
The Haitian Revolution.
53
When did Cuba gain independence?
1898.
54
In 1959 what created a communist state in Cuba?
A revolution.
55
The United Provinces formed and later did what?
Divided into the countries and had lots of reforms in 1900s.
56
What are the percentages of ethnic groups in Central America?
60% Mestizos, 20% Indigenous, and groups with mixed ancestry.
57
Main language of Central America?
Spanish.
58
Main languages of the Caribbean?
Dutch, French, English, Spanish.
59
Common religion of Central America?
Roman Catholicism.
60
What is the family structure in Central America?
Matriarchal.
61
What industry employs more than any other in Central America?
Agriculture.
62
What are latfundia?
Large estates.
63
What are minifundia?
Small plots of land.
64
What do large scale manufacturers often produce?
Bananas, sugarcane and coffee.
65
What industry is now becoming popular in the Caribbean?
Ecotourism.
66
What are some threats to Central America's environment?
Hydroelectric dams, deforestation, city sewage, rapid urbanization, high pollution due to rapid growth.
67
What is Central America beginning to develop?
A green-business-environment-friendly food production industry.
68
(CA) Characteristics of the Caribbean Lowlands?
Tropical wet climate, rainforest vegetation.
69
(CA) Characteristics of the Pacific Coastal Plain?
Tropical wet/dry, savannas/grasslands, fertile soil due to volcanoes, lakes.
70
(CA) Characteristics of the Greater Antilles?
Tops of volcanic mountains, marine climate.
71
(CA) Characteristics of the flatter islands.
Coral islands, marine climate.
72
Where do the largest number of Indians live in Central America?
Guatemala.
73
Where do the largest number of Europeans live in Central America?
Costa Rica. (90% Spanish)
74
Where do the largest number of Mestizos live in Central America?
El Salvador and Nicaragua.
75
How did the Africans come to live in Central America?
Slaves and migration from Caribbean.
76
Why did Asian immigrants come to the Caribbean?
Voluntarily after the abolition of slavery.
77
Why was there political unrest in El Salvador?
Landlessness among poor is increasing, wealthy landowners hired 'death squads' to eliminate ideas of reform. (Civil War 1979-1992)
78
What do migrant workers do during the off season?
Move to find additional work.
79
Why did people migrate to Central America?
To escape oppressive government.
80
How have emigrants helped the economy in Latin America?
Money they sent has reduced the burden of poverty.
81
How much of South America's population is in Brazil?
Half.
82
What are Brazil's two main landforms?
Plains and plateaus.
83
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
A treaty between the Spanish and the Portuguese, helped by Pope Alexander.
84
(SA) Characteristics of the Amazon River Region?
Largest region, least explored, over half the country, lots of rain, moderately warn, Amazon rainforest, 10% of Brazilians live there, contains Indian tribes.
85
(SA) Characteristics of the Southeast Region?
Smallest, heartland (economic), 40% of Brazil's population, cash crops (coffee, sugar, rice, cacao), 'world's coffee pot', Sao Paulo, Rio de Janiero, Favelas, Carnival.
86
(SA) Characteristics of the Brazilian Highlands?
Brasilia, central plateau, hills, purpose is to move people from coast to 600 miles inland, opening of the West.
87
(SA) Characteristics of the Northeast Region?
Plantations (sugar), African heritage, Sertao, tropical wet/dry climate, poverty (1/3 income), 49 is life expectancy.
88
Aspects of Brazil's economic growth?
Rich resources, lessening poverty, modernizing, middle class is increasing, jobs (50% service, 30% manufacturing, 20% farming), the Economist.
89
Brazil's main resources?
Minerals, energy (hydroelectricity), automobiles, steel plants.
90
What are Brazil's two main aims/goals?
Expand industry and encourage interior settlement.
91
What did the government do to relieve poverty in the 1940s?
Set up government programs, firms steel mill and oil refinery, hydroelectric dams, loaned people money to start businesses.
92
What did the government do to relieve poverty in the 1950s?
Growth in automobiles, chemical and steel industry growth, increase in urbanization.
93
What did the government do to relieve poverty in the 1970s?
Roads extended to the Amazon, government game away land to farmers and miners.
