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World Geography > Latin America > Flashcards

Latin America Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the Caribbean Islands known for?

A

Agriculture and tourism.

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2
Q

How many islands are in the Caribbean Sea?

A

7000+

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3
Q

Hispanola is divided by what two countries?

A

Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

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4
Q

What climate is it in Central America and Northern South America?

A

Tropical.

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5
Q

In northern Mexico and South America it is what climate?

A

Temperate.

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6
Q

What mountains are in Latin America?

A

Sierra Madres, Andes.

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7
Q

What is Machu Picchu?

A

The Lost City of the Incas; also Peru’s most popular tourist attraction and UNESCO world heritage site.

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8
Q

What are the zones in Vertical Zonation?

A

Snow caps, Tierra Fria, Tierra Templada, Tierra Caliente.

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9
Q

Latin America is at very high risk of what natural disaster?

A

Earthquakes.

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10
Q

What are the Galapagos Islands known for?

A

Biodiversity.

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11
Q

Who controls the Falkland Islands?

A

The U.K.

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12
Q

The Britts defeated the Argentines in the what?

A

Falkland Island War 1982.

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13
Q

Lake Titicaca is on the border between what two countries?

A

Peru and Bolivia.

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14
Q

Lake Maracaibo is an extension of what? What is it rich in?

A

Caribbean Sea. Oil reserves.

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15
Q

Grasslands are known for what in Latin America?

A

Agriculture.

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16
Q

The Llanos are where?

A

Venezuela.

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17
Q

The Gran Chaco are where?

A

Paraguay.

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18
Q

The Pampas are where?

A

Argentina.

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19
Q

Where are rain forest located in Latin America?

A

Costa Rica and Brazil; ‘Amazonia’.

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20
Q

What are the two things that people believe deforestation will lead to?

A

Either nothing being left or sustainable development.

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21
Q

What are some coastal deserts?

A

West Coast of South America, Atacama Desert in Chile.

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22
Q

Where do people usually settle?

A

Along coasts.

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23
Q

What are Latin America’s megacities?

A

Sao Paulo, Rio and Mexico City.

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24
Q

What crop is a huge part of Latin America?

A

Coffee.

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25
Q

What are some large resources/exports in Latin America?

A

Oil, gold, silver and copper.

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26
Q

What are the five regions of Mexico?

A

Northern Pacific Coast, Central Plateau, Southern Pacific Coast, Gulf Coastal Plain, Yucatan Peninsula.

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27
Q

Characteristics of the Northern Pacific Coast region of Mexico?

A

(Baja California) Dry, hot, thinly populated, Tijuana, some of the best farmland w/ irrigation.

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28
Q

Characteristics of the Southern Pacific Coast region of Mexico?

A

Narrow, steep-sided, little farmland, beautiful scenery, tourism. (Acapulco, Puerto Vallarta)

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29
Q

Characteristics of the Central Plateau region of Mexico?

A

Heartland, several large cities, 4/5 people, best farmland, geologically unstable; earthquakes, volcanoes. Nice climate.

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30
Q

Characteristics of the Gulf Coastal Plain region of Mexico?

A

Lots of petroleum and natural gas.

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31
Q

Characteristics of the Yucatan Peninsula region of Mexico?

A

Generally flat, limestone, underground cavers, sinkholes, thinly populated, tourism, Cancun, Mayan ruins.

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32
Q

How was Cortez greeted by the Aztecs?

A

As a friend/a god.

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33
Q

When did the Spanish arrive on the Gulf Coast?

A

1519.

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34
Q

When were the Aztecs defeated?

A

1521.

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35
Q

What did Cortez call this new land?

A

New Spain.

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36
Q

What were the New Spain social classes?

A
  1. Peninsulares
  2. Haciendas
  3. Encomienda System
  4. Criollos
  5. Mestizos
  6. Indians
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37
Q

What happened in the 1800s in New Spain?

A

Rebellions.

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38
Q

Who called for rebellion against Spanish rule in 1810?

A

Miguel Hidalgo.

39
Q

What happened in 1821?

A

Mexico was established.

40
Q

What happened to the Mexican government?

A

Went through a series of dictators.

41
Q

What started to happen to Mexico in the late 1800s-early 1900s?

A

Began to modernize, economic gap formed.

42
Q

What are the industries of Mexico?

A

Oil, tourism, manufacturing.

43
Q

What started the Mexican Revolution?

A

Peasants and the middle class rebelling in 1910.

44
Q

What was the rebels’ motto during the Mexico Revolution?

A

“Land, bread, and justice for all.”

45
Q

What happened in 1920 after the Revolution ended?

A

They made a Constitution and elected a President. (modeled after the US) Became a federal republic.

46
Q

What party dominated politics for over 70 years before Fox being elected in 2000?

A

The PRI party.

47
Q

Who is Mexico’s current president?

A

Enrique Pena Nieto.

48
Q

What are Ejidos?

A

Collective community farms used for subsistence farming.

49
Q

What are latfundios and what do they grow?

A

Commercial farms; corn, sugar, fruit. (not many Ejidos anymore)

50
Q

Causes of urbanization in Mexico?

A

Lower prices, large families, 22.5 million people in Valley of Mexico metropolitan area, 11 million people in Urban core.

51
Q

When was NAFTA created?

A

1993.

52
Q

What inspired many Central American countries to revolt?

A

The Haitian Revolution.

53
Q

When did Cuba gain independence?

A

1898.

54
Q

In 1959 what created a communist state in Cuba?

A

A revolution.

55
Q

The United Provinces formed and later did what?

A

Divided into the countries and had lots of reforms in 1900s.

56
Q

What are the percentages of ethnic groups in Central America?

A

60% Mestizos, 20% Indigenous, and groups with mixed ancestry.

57
Q

Main language of Central America?

A

Spanish.

58
Q

Main languages of the Caribbean?

A

Dutch, French, English, Spanish.

59
Q

Common religion of Central America?

A

Roman Catholicism.

60
Q

What is the family structure in Central America?

A

Matriarchal.

61
Q

What industry employs more than any other in Central America?

A

Agriculture.

62
Q

What are latfundia?

A

Large estates.

63
Q

What are minifundia?

A

Small plots of land.

64
Q

What do large scale manufacturers often produce?

A

Bananas, sugarcane and coffee.

65
Q

What industry is now becoming popular in the Caribbean?

A

Ecotourism.

66
Q

What are some threats to Central America’s environment?

A

Hydroelectric dams, deforestation, city sewage, rapid urbanization, high pollution due to rapid growth.

67
Q

What is Central America beginning to develop?

A

A green-business-environment-friendly food production industry.

68
Q

(CA) Characteristics of the Caribbean Lowlands?

A

Tropical wet climate, rainforest vegetation.

69
Q

(CA) Characteristics of the Pacific Coastal Plain?

A

Tropical wet/dry, savannas/grasslands, fertile soil due to volcanoes, lakes.

70
Q

(CA) Characteristics of the Greater Antilles?

A

Tops of volcanic mountains, marine climate.

71
Q

(CA) Characteristics of the flatter islands.

A

Coral islands, marine climate.

72
Q

Where do the largest number of Indians live in Central America?

A

Guatemala.

73
Q

Where do the largest number of Europeans live in Central America?

A

Costa Rica. (90% Spanish)

74
Q

Where do the largest number of Mestizos live in Central America?

A

El Salvador and Nicaragua.

75
Q

How did the Africans come to live in Central America?

A

Slaves and migration from Caribbean.

76
Q

Why did Asian immigrants come to the Caribbean?

A

Voluntarily after the abolition of slavery.

77
Q

Why was there political unrest in El Salvador?

A

Landlessness among poor is increasing, wealthy landowners hired ‘death squads’ to eliminate ideas of reform. (Civil War 1979-1992)

78
Q

What do migrant workers do during the off season?

A

Move to find additional work.

79
Q

Why did people migrate to Central America?

A

To escape oppressive government.

80
Q

How have emigrants helped the economy in Latin America?

A

Money they sent has reduced the burden of poverty.

81
Q

How much of South America’s population is in Brazil?

A

Half.

82
Q

What are Brazil’s two main landforms?

A

Plains and plateaus.

83
Q

What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A

A treaty between the Spanish and the Portuguese, helped by Pope Alexander.

84
Q

(SA) Characteristics of the Amazon River Region?

A

Largest region, least explored, over half the country, lots of rain, moderately warn, Amazon rainforest, 10% of Brazilians live there, contains Indian tribes.

85
Q

(SA) Characteristics of the Southeast Region?

A

Smallest, heartland (economic), 40% of Brazil’s population, cash crops (coffee, sugar, rice, cacao), ‘world’s coffee pot’, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janiero, Favelas, Carnival.

86
Q

(SA) Characteristics of the Brazilian Highlands?

A

Brasilia, central plateau, hills, purpose is to move people from coast to 600 miles inland, opening of the West.

87
Q

(SA) Characteristics of the Northeast Region?

A

Plantations (sugar), African heritage, Sertao, tropical wet/dry climate, poverty (1/3 income), 49 is life expectancy.

88
Q

Aspects of Brazil’s economic growth?

A

Rich resources, lessening poverty, modernizing, middle class is increasing, jobs (50% service, 30% manufacturing, 20% farming), the Economist.

89
Q

Brazil’s main resources?

A

Minerals, energy (hydroelectricity), automobiles, steel plants.

90
Q

What are Brazil’s two main aims/goals?

A

Expand industry and encourage interior settlement.

91
Q

What did the government do to relieve poverty in the 1940s?

A

Set up government programs, firms steel mill and oil refinery, hydroelectric dams, loaned people money to start businesses.

92
Q

What did the government do to relieve poverty in the 1950s?

A

Growth in automobiles, chemical and steel industry growth, increase in urbanization.

93
Q

What did the government do to relieve poverty in the 1970s?

A

Roads extended to the Amazon, government game away land to farmers and miners.

World Geography (5 decks)

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