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Anatomy Dissection Guide > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

where is the fovea dentis located

A

on the dorsal surface of the ventral arch

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2
Q

what passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebra

A

vertebral vessels and nerves

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3
Q

what passes through the alar foramen of cervical vertebra

A

vertebral artery and ventral branch of the first cervical spinal nerve

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4
Q

what passes through the lateral vertebral foramen of C1

A

vertebral artery and the first cervical spinal nerve

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5
Q

what passes through the lateral vertebral foramen of C2

A

the second cervical nerve

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6
Q

cranial articular processes are directed

A

dorsomedially

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7
Q

caudal articular processes are directed

A

ventrolaterally

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8
Q

transverse foramina are in what cervical vertebra in the horse

A

C1-C6

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9
Q

Transverse foramina are in what cervical vertebra in the ruminant

A

C2-C6

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10
Q

what can be used as a landmark for radiographs using C6

A

ventral tubercle (lamina) of the transverse processes of c6 are more extensive

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11
Q

what vertebra has a caudal costal fovea

A

C7

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12
Q

C7 transverse process

A

undivided and usually does not have a transverse foramen

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13
Q

what is a dewlap

A

penulous skin fold located alon gthe ventral apsect of the neck

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14
Q

what are wattles

A

elongated skin appendages located in the throat region

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15
Q

the dewlap and wattles are likely involved in what

A

thermoregulation

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16
Q

wattles are most commonly found in

A

goats

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17
Q

what are the attachments of the cutaneous colli (only prominent in horse)

A

manubrium; superficial cervical fascia to ventral midline

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18
Q

what is the function of cutaneous colli

A

tightens and moves the skin on the ventral surface of the neck

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19
Q

what are the actions of the brachiocephalicus

A
  1. when the head and neck are fixed, drawing the limb cranially and thus extending the shoulder joint.
  2. when right and left muscles act separately, bending the head and neck to the side
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20
Q

what is the function of cleidooccipitalis in the ruminant

A

advances the limb cranially and raises the head

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21
Q

what are the attachments of the cleidooccipitalis

A

clavicular intersection; nuchal line of the skull and funicular nuchal ligament

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22
Q

cleidomastoideus attachments

A

mastoid process and clavicular intersection

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23
Q

what is the function of the cleidomastoideus in the ruminant

A

draws the limb cranially and draws the head ventrally or laterally

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24
Q

what is the function of the cleidobrachialis

A

draws the limb cranially

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25
Q

omotransversarius attachments in the horse

A

(adhered to cleidomastoideus); shoulder fascia (horse does not have acromion) and transverse processes of c1-c4

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26
Q

omotransversarius attachments in the ruminants

A

acromion of scapula and wing of atlas (also partially attaches to the transverse process of the axis)

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27
Q

what is the function of the omotransversarius

A

draws the limb cranially and bends the neck to the side

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28
Q

what is the function of the sternomandibularis in the horse

A

flexes the head and neck and bends the head and neck to the side

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29
Q

what is the function of the sternomastoideus in the ox and goat

A

fix and draw the head and neck ventraly

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30
Q

what separates the jugular vein from the carotid sheath in the ox and goat (cranial neck)

A

the sternomastoideus

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31
Q

what are the attachments of the sternomandibularis in the ox

A

rostral border of the masseter muscle, ventral border of the mandible, and depressor labii inferioris muscle

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32
Q

what are the attachments of the sternomandibularis in the goat

A

zygomatic arch and lateral surface of the masseter muscle

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33
Q

what is the function of the sternomandibularis

A

flexes the head and neck

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34
Q

what is the function of the sternomastoideus in the sheep

A

fix and draw the head and neck ventrally

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35
Q

what are the attachments of the omohyoideus m in the horse

A

subscapular fascia near the shoulder joint and inserts on the lingual process of the basihyoid bone

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36
Q

what are the attachments of the omohyoideus in ruminants

A

deep cervical fascia near 3rd or 4th cervical vertebra and basihyoid bone

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37
Q

what is the function of the omohyoideus

A

draws the hyoid apparatus caudally

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38
Q

what is the attachment of the sternohyoideus

A

basihyoid bone

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39
Q

what is the attachment of the sternothyroideus

A

thyroid cartilage of the larynx

40
Q

what are the functions of the sternothyrohyoideus

A

draw the hyoid apparatus caudally

41
Q

what is the function of the cervical part of the trapezius

A

draws the scapula craniodorsally and elevates the scapula

42
Q

what are the attachments of the thoracic part of the trapezius

A

from supraspinous ligament in the thoracic region and inserts on the tuber spine of the scapula in the horse and the spine of the scapula in ruminants

43
Q

what is the function of the thoracic part of the trapezius

A

draws the scapula caudodorsally and elevates the scapula

44
Q

what is the course of the dorsal branch of the accessory nerve

A

caudally over splenius and serratus ventralis

45
Q

what does the dorsal branch of the accessory nerve innervate

A

brachiocephalicus, omotransversarius, and trapezius

46
Q

what does the ventral branch of the accessory nerve innervate

A

the sternocephalicus

47
Q

what are the attachments of the serratus ventralis cervicis

A

transverse processes of the last 4-5 cervical vertebrae and inserts on the serrated face of the scapula

48
Q

what are the attachments of the serratus ventralis thoracic

A

lateral surface of the first 8-9 ribs and serrated face of scapula

49
Q

what is the main muscle that supports the turnk

A

the serratus ventralis thoracis

50
Q

what is the function of the cervical part of the serratus ventralis

A

draws the dorsal scapular cartilage cranially and rotates the ventral angle of the scapula caudally. Thus, moving the limb in a caudal direction.

51
Q

what is the function of the thoracic part of the serratus ventralis

A

draws the dorsal scapular cartilage caudally and rotates the ventral angle cranially. Thus, moving limb cranially

52
Q

what are the attachments of the rhomboideus cervicis

A

funicular part of the nuchal ligament from C2 to T2 vertebrae and inserts on craniomedial surface of the scapular cartilage

53
Q

what are the attachments of the rhomboideus thoracis

A

spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae via the dorsoscapular ligament and inserts on the caudomedial surface of the scapular cartilage

54
Q

what is the primary action of the rhomboideus

A

draw the scapula dorsally and cranially

55
Q

where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes located in the horse?

A

deep to brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius; cranial to subclavius muscle

56
Q

where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes located in the ruminant?

A

deep to brachiocephalicus and omotransversarius and cranial to supraspinatus

57
Q

what are the attachments of the splenius in the horse

A

nuchal ligament and spinous processes of T3-T5; mastoid process and nuchal crest (capitis part)

58
Q

what are the attachments of the splenius in the ruminant

A

nuchal ligament and spinous processes of T1-T3; mastoid process and dorsolateral region of the occipital bone (capitis); transverse processes of C2 and C3 (cervicis, ox); wing of atlas and transverse processes of C2-C5 (cervicis SR)

59
Q

acting together, right and left splenius function to

A

elevate the head and neck

60
Q

acting singly, the splenius acts to

A

bend the head and neck laterally

61
Q

what are the attachments of the semispinalis capitis in the horse

A

articular processes of the cervical vertebrae, spinous processes of T3-T5 and transverse processes of T1-T7, occipital bone ventral to nuchal crest

62
Q

what are the attachmets of the semispinalis capitis in the ruminant

A

transverse processes of T1-T10, articular processes of C3-C7, and nuchal ligament; occipital bone

63
Q

what is the function of semispinalis capitis when they function together

A

the main extensor of the head and neck;

64
Q

what is the function of semispinalis capitis when its acting singly

A

bends the head to the side

65
Q

the nuchal ligament large animals is composed of what parts

A

funicular and laminar parts

66
Q

in horses, the funicular part of the nuchal ligament courses

A

between the external occipital protuberance of the skull and T3, T4, or T5 vertebra.

67
Q

in horses, the laminar part courses from

A

C2-C7 vertebrae to the funicular part

68
Q

in ruminants the funicular part of the nuchal ligament courses between

A

external occipital protuberance of the skull and the first few thoracic vertebrae

69
Q

in ruminants, the laminar part of the nuchal ligament courses between

A

C2-C7 and the funicular part

70
Q

longissimus capitis attachments in the horse

A

from transverse processes of T1 and T2 vertebrae and mastoid process of the skull

71
Q

longissimus capitis attachments in the ruminant

A

from C5 to T7 and mastoid process

72
Q

what is teh function of the longissimus capitis and atlantis

A

extend the head and neck and bend the head and neck to the side

73
Q

what are the attachments of the longus atlantis in the ruminant

A

transverse processes of C2-C6 vertebrae and inserts on the wing of the atlas

74
Q

______ may exit thorugh the belly of longus atlantis in ruminants, causing the muscle to appear divided into 2 muscles

A

ventral branches of several cervical spinal nerves

75
Q

attachments of longus capitis in the horse

A

transverse processes of C3-C5 vertebrae and inserts on the muscular tubercle on the base of the skull

76
Q

attachments of the longus capitis in the ruminant

A

transverse processes of C2-C6 vertbebrae and inserts on the muscular tubercle on the base of the skll

77
Q

longus capitis muscle function

A

flexes the head and neck and bends the head and neck laterally

78
Q

the cervical portion of the longus colli attachments

A

transverse processes of C3-C7 vertebrae and inserts on the bodies of the cervical vertebrae and ventral tubercle of the atlas

79
Q

the most supeficial structure in the carotid sheath of the ox is the ______

A

internal jugular vein

80
Q

what is viborgs trianlge

A

dorsal boundary: tendon of insertion of sternomandibularis
cranial border: ramus of mandible
ventral border: linguofacial vein

81
Q

what is viborgs triangle used for

A

may be used to surgically drain the guttural pouch

82
Q

what can the atlanto-occipital space be used for

A

CSF collection and injection of radiopaque contrast media into vertebral canal to assess cervical vertebral stenosis (wobblers)

83
Q

what does wobblers result from

A

malformation of the articular processes of primarily vertbrae C3-C4 in horses; due to malformatio the spinal cord is compressed

84
Q

stallions accumulate fat where

A

in the crest of the neck

85
Q

where should IM injection sbe given in the horse

A

in the middle of the neck where muscles are thickest

86
Q

ventral branch of accessory nerve can be biopsied to diagnose

A

equine motor neuron disease

87
Q

what is cribbing

A

grasps an object with its upper incisors and pulld the head back arching neck muscles; horses draw air into the esophagus

88
Q

lacerations and penetrating injuries in the cranial shoulder region may cause injury to the

A

cephalic vein

89
Q

where do you perform a tracheotomy (temporary)

A

between 4th and 5th or 5th and 6h tracheal rings

90
Q

where do you perform a tracheostomy (permanent)

A

at the level of tracheal rings 4 through 6

91
Q

what is choke

A

impaction of hard or firm food in the esophagus that stays in one place and produces pressure necrosis of adjacent structures

92
Q

damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve results in

A

pralysis of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle causing laryngeal hemiplegia or “roaring” (primarily left side involved)

93
Q

what are also found in the same region as the thyroid gland

A

cranial deep cervical lymph nodes

94
Q

clinical signs for ____ are similar to rabies

A

choke

95
Q

what are the 3 common places choke can occur in ox

A
  1. at the level of the larynx
  2. the thoracic inlet due to the narrow passage between the first pair of ribs
  3. thoracic cavity
96
Q

in ox, are lymph nodes palpable?

A

no

97
Q

what lymph nodes are palpable in the horse?

A

mandibular lymph nodes

Anatomy Dissection Guide (12 decks)

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