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Chemistry > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

What do compounds end in if they don’t contain water?

A

-Ide

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1
Q

What do compounds end in if containing oxygen??

A

-ite OR -ate

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2
Q

What’s everything in the world made from?

A

About 100 elements

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3
Q

What’s a period?

A

A row of elements in the periodic table

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4
Q

What’s a group?

A

A column of elements in the period table

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5
Q

What are the different ways elements are classified?

A

Naturally-occurring/ made by scientist
Solid/liquid/gas
Metal/non-metal

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6
Q

What are the groups in the periodic table? (3)

A

Halogens
Alkali metals
Noble gases

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7
Q

What do the elements in any one group show?

A

Similar chemical properties

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8
Q

What are the noble gases a family of?

A

Very unreactive elements

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9
Q

What are the alkali metals a family of?

A

Very reactive metals

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10
Q

What are the halogens a family of?

A

Very reactive non-metals

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11
Q

Where are the transition metals found?

A

Between groups 2&3 in the periodic table

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12
Q

When are compounds found?

A

When elements react together

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13
Q

What do all chemical reactions involve?

A

The formation of one more new substances

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14
Q

What can chemical reactions be identified from? (4)

A 
Energy change
Changes in appearance of substances:
Colour change
Gas evolved 
Precipitate formed
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15
Q

What do exothermic reactions do?

A

Release Energy to the surroundings and the products have a less chemical energy than the reactants

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16
Q

When do mixtures occur?

A

When two or more substances come together without reacting

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17
Q

What is air?

A

A mixture of gases

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18
Q

What’s the test for oxygen?

A

If it delights a glowing splint

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19
Q

What to endothermic reactions do?

A

Take in energy from the surroundings and the products have more chemical energy than the reactants

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20
Q

What all does an atom contain?

A

A nucleus with protons and neutrons inside and electrons moving around outside the nucleus

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21
Q

Why is an atom neutral?

A

Bc the protons and electrons are equal

22
Q

Approximately How heavy are protons and neutrons?

A

Mass of one atomic mass unit

23
Q

What’s the mass of an electron?

A

Virtually no mass

24
Q

How are the electrons in an atom arranged?

A

In energy levels

25
Q

Atoms of different elements have a different number of protons, what’s the name for it?

A

Atomic number

26
Q

What can atoms achieve in forming bonds?

A

A stable electron arrangement

27
Q

Which bond shares pairs of electrons?

A

Covalent bonds

28
Q

What is a covalent bond a result of?

A

Two positive nuclei being held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of electrons

29
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

Strong forces of attraction

30
Q

What bond is formed when the attraction of the atoms for the bonded electron is different?

A

Polar covalent

31
Q

Which bond is highly polar in water?

A

Covalent

32
Q

How are ionic compounds formed?

A

When metals combine with non metals

33
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

The electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions

34
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

The electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons

35
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

36
Q

What’s a diatomic molecule?

A

Made up of two atoms

37
Q

What are the diatomic molecules? (5)

A 
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon monoxide
The halogens
38
Q

What can covalent substances consist of?

A

Discrete molecules

39
Q

What are the bonds between molecules weaker than?

A

The covalent bonds within molecules

40
Q

What does a covalent network consist of?

A

A giant lattice of covalent my bonded atoms

41
Q

What does a metallic structure consist of?

A

A giant lattice of positively charged ions and delocalised outer electrons

42
Q

What are all the conductors of electricity because they contain free electrons? (2)

A 
Metal elements (solid/liquid)
Carbon (graphite)
43
Q

What doesn’t conduct electricity since they are made up of molecules which are uncharged?

A

Covalent substances (solid/liquid/solutions)

44
Q

What’s an electric current?

A

A flow of charged particles

45
Q

What’s electrolysis?

A

The flow of ions through a solution and molten compounds (electrolytes)

46
Q

What must be used if the products of electrolysis are to be identified?

A

d.c. Power supply

47
Q

What can the results of electrolysis experiments be illustrated by?

A

The migration of coloured ions

48
Q

What compound is usually soluble in water?

A

Ionic compounds

49
Q

What do discrete covalent substances have? (Mp/bp)

A

Low melting and boiling points

50
Q

What may covalent substances which are insoluble in water dissolve in?

A

Other solvents

51
Q

What do metals, ionic compounds and covalent network substances have? (Mp/bp)

A

High melting and boiling points

52
Q

What does electrolysis do?

A

Chemically changes the electrolyte and may lead to the break up of compound

53
Q

What conducts electricity only when dissolved in water or molten?

A

Ionic compounds

Chemistry (5 decks)

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