Unit 1 Flashcards
Hydrolysis
Breaking down of large molecule into smaller ones with addition of water
DNA function
Form the inherited genetic material inside each human cell
Distal
Away from origin of body part
Ventral
Towards the front or belly
Dorsal
Towards the back
Lateral
Away from midline of the body
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body part
Differentiation
In specialized cells becoming more specialized
Chemical level
Atoms to molecules Molecules to cells Cells to tissues Tissues to organs Organs to organ systems Organ systems to organism
Epithelial + synovial
Membranes
Covering and lining
Where bones come together
Biopsy
Remove piece of tissue for examination
For diagnosis
Active transport
Passive transport
Active require energy
“Against concentration gradient”
Role of ATP
Anabolic and catabolic reactions
Energy currency
A- forms from ADP and phosphate group
C- produces ADP
Inorganic and organic compounds
Inorganic usually lack carbon
Organic always contain carbon
Mitotic phases
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
3 primary membranes of body
Cutaneous - skin
Mucous - line body cavity, open to outside
Serous - line body cavity, does not open to outside
Mediastinum
Central partition
Negative feedback loop
The response of the body opposes original stimuli
(Majority)
Shivering
Positive feedback loop
The response of the body enhances original stimulus
Labor, blood clotting
Functions of membrane proteins
Ion channels Carriers Receptors Cell identity markers Linkers
Peroxisomes
Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes
Detoxify harmful substances
Break down free radicals
Replicate by pinching in half
Golgi apparatus
Stack of flatten sacs
Sort, package, modify proteins from RER
Produces secretory vesicles, lysosomes, cell membrane components
Mitosis
Distribution of two sets of chromosomes into two separate nuclei
Repair, growth
Atom
Smallest unit of matter that retain the properties and characteristics of the element
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
5 main types of cell junctions
- Tight junction - stitch cells together
- Adherins - belt (around entire cell)
- Desmosomes - spot weld
- Hemidesmosomes - attach epithelial cells to basement membrane
- Gap - connexins, form pores between cells
Polymer
Large molecule formed by covalent bonding of many identical or similar building-block molecules called monomers
11 organ systems of body
Integumentary Cardiovascular Respiratory Reproductive Skeletal Nervous Urinary Digestive Endocrine Muscular Lymphatic
4 tissues in body
Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous
Describe enzyme and characteristics
Speed up rate of chemical reactions
Substrate in body combines to active site of enzyme
Define cell
Main parts
Living structural and functional units enclosed by a membrane
- plasma membrane
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
